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. 2014 Feb 7;15:6. doi: 10.1186/1471-2172-15-6

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Copyright © 2014 Chen et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Proliferation of CD8⁺T cells in vitro. (A) Histograms show CFSE dilution induced following in vitro proliferation of sorted WT and VDR KO CD8⁺ T cells in response to CD3/CD28 stimulation. The shaded histograms show the CFSE stained T cells prior to stimulation with CD3/CD28, and open histograms are CFSE dilution following stimulation. Values are mean ± SEM of the frequency of T cells that have divided and diluted the CFSE label. (B) The CFSE labeled T cells in panel A were evaluated for CD8 subsets with or without (unstim) CD3/CD28 stimulation. Naïve CD8⁺ T cells are CD62L^highCD44^low, and activated CD8⁺ T cells are CD62L^lowCD44^high. The shaded histograms are the CFSE staining at the beginning of the culture, and open histograms are CFSE dilution. Values are the mean of two independent experiments ± SEM. ANOVA, *P < 0.05.