Table II.
Crude associations of fatty acid and cholesterol intakes with semen parameters (n = 209).
| Median for each quartile | Volume |
Motile sperm |
Morphologically normal sperm |
Sperm concentration |
Total sperm count |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ml | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | 106/ml | 95% CI | 106 | 95% CI | |
| Total fat | ||||||||||
| Q1 (31.44% of calories) | 3.0 | 2.8–3.6 | 54.1 | 51.4–56.9 | 8.8 | 7.4–10.9 | 39.9 | 30.7–51.8 | 120.4 | 94.2–154.2 |
| Q2 (36.33% of calories) | 2.5 | 2.1–3.0 | 56.5 | 53.8–59.3 | 8.5 | 7.1–10.0 | 41.6 | 32.0–54.0 | 104.9 | 82.2–133.2 |
| Q3 (39.97% of calories) | 2.5 | 2.1–2.3 | 58.8 | 55.9–61.6a | 9.2 | 7.7–11.0 | 33.9 | 26.0–44.1 | 96.0 | 74.7–123.3 |
| Q4 (45.45% of calories) | 3.2 | 2.7–3.8 | 58.2 | 55.3–61.1a | 8.2 | 6.9–9.8 | 34.4 | 26.2–45.2 | 122.5 | 94.5–158.7 |
| Ptrend | 0.7 | 0.03 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.9 | |||||
| Saturated | ||||||||||
| Q1 (9. 44% of calories) | 3.1 | 2.6–3.6 | 55.3 | 52.5–58.1 | 8.9 | 7.5–10.6 | 41.0 | 31.6–53.3 | 124.2 | 97.0–159.2 |
| Q2 (11.31% of calories) | 2.9 | 2.9–3.4 | 55.6 | 52.8–58.4 | 8.1 | 6.8–9.6 | 29.9 | 23.1–38.8 | 107.7 | 84.0–137.8 |
| Q3 (12.63% of calories) | 2.2 | 1.9–2.6a | 56.8 | 54.0–59.6 | 9.6 | 8.1–11.5 | 41.1 | 31.6–53.4 | 90.5 | 70.8–115.6 |
| Q4 (15.53% of calories) | 3.1 | 2.7–3.7 | 59.8 | 56.9–62.7a | 8.1 | 6.8–9.7 | 39.1 | 29.8–51.4 | 123.2 | 95.5–159.0 |
| Ptrend | 0.9 | 0.02 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.9 | |||||
| Monounsaturated | ||||||||||
| Q1 (13.86% of calories) | 2.9 | 2.4–3.4 | 55.5 | 52.7–58.2 | 8.8 | 7.4–10.4 | 39.6 | 30.5–51.5 | 112.8 | 88.2–144.5 |
| Q2 (15.74% of calories) | 2.7 | 2.3–3.2 | 55.9 | 53.1–58.7 | 8.2 | 6.9–9.8 | 39.7 | 30.5–51.7 | 106.5 | 83.2–136.5 |
| Q3 (17.65% of calories) | 2.6 | 2.2–3.1 | 59.5 | 56.7–62.3a | 9.0 | 7.5–10.6 | 38.4 | 29.5–50.0 | 101.6 | 79.4–130.1 |
| Q4 (20.43% of calories) | 3.0 | 2.5–3.6 | 56.5 | 53.6–59.5 | 8.7 | 7.3–10.4 | 32.0 | 24.3–42.0 | 122.4 | 94.1–159.0 |
| Ptrend | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.8 | |||||
| Polyunsaturated | ||||||||||
| Q1 (4.84% of calories) | 3.2 | 2.7–3.8 | 56.0 | 53.2–58.9 | 8.8 | 7.4–10.4 | 40.9 | 31.4–53.1 | 130.1 | 101.6–166.5 |
| Q2 (5.64% of calories) | 2.6 | 2.2–3.1 | 56.1 | 53.2–58.9 | 9.1 | 7.6–10.8 | 34.4 | 26.5–44.8 | 90.3 | 70.7–115.4a |
| Q3 (6.31% of calories) | 2.7 | 2.6–3.2 | 58.4 | 55.5–61.3 | 9.1 | 7.7–10.8 | 40.2 | 30.9–52.3 | 120.7 | 94.3–154.5 |
| Q4 (7.62% of calories) | 2.7 | 2.3–3.3 | 56.9 | 54.0–59.8 | 7.8 | 6.5–9.3 | 34.4 | 26.2–45.2 | 104.2 | 80.8–134.4 |
| Ptrend | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.5 | |||||
| Omega-3 | ||||||||||
| Q1 (0.51% of calories) | 2.7 | 2.3–3.2 | 58.5 | 55.8–61.3 | 9.5 | 8.0–11.3 | 43.5 | 33.7–56.2 | 118.2 | 92.9–150.2 |
| Q2 (0.62% of calories) | 2.5 | 2.1–3.0 | 54.7 | 51.8–57.5 | 8.6 | 7.2–10.2 | 32.1 | 24.7–41.6 | 99.99 | 77.9–128.4 |
| Q3 (0.74% of calories) | 3.1 | 2.6–3.6 | 55.3 | 52.5–58.1 | 7.1 | 6.0–8.4a | 29.3 | 22.6–37.9a | 88.06 | 68.9–112.5 |
| Q4 (0.91% of calories) | 3.0 | 2.5–3.5 | 58.9 | 56.0–61.8 | 9.8 | 8.3–11.7 | 48.3 | 37.0–63.1 | 142.45 | 110.9–182.9 |
| Ptrend | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.3 | |||||
| Omega-6 | ||||||||||
| Q1 (4.08% of calories) | 3.1 | 2.63–3.71 | 54.7 | 51.8–57.5 | 8.3 | 7.0–9.9 | 36.0 | 27.6–47.0 | 111.4 | 86.6–143.3 |
| Q2 (4.87% of calories) | 2.7 | 2.28–3.19 | 57.7 | 54.8–60.5 | 9.6 | 8.1–11.4 | 37.5 | 28.8–78.9 | 101.2 | 79.0–129.0 |
| Q3 (5.42% of calories) | 2.7 | 2.27–3.19 | 58.3 | 55.4–61.2 | 9.4 | 7.9–11.2 | 40.8 | 31.3–53.1 | 124.3 | 96.9–159.5 |
| Q4 (6.73% of calories) | 2.7 | 2.27–3.21 | 56.7 | 53.8–59.6 | 7.5 | 6.3–8.9 | 35.4 | 27.0–46.3 | 105.4 | 81.8–136.1 |
| Ptrend | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.9 | |||||
| Trans | ||||||||||
| Q1 (0.37% of calories) | 3.0 | 2.5–3.5 | 58.1 | 55.2–60.9 | 7.7 | 6.5–9.1 | 45.4 | 34.9–59.0 | 135.4 | 106.1–173.0 |
| Q2 (0.54% of calories) | 3.0 | 2.6–3.6 | 56.4 | 53.5–59.3 | 8.8 | 7.4–10.4 | 35.2 | 26.9–45.9 | 118.3 | 91.9–152.0 |
| Q3 (0.74% of calories) | 2.6 | 2.2–3.1 | 56.6 | 53.7–59.4 | 9.4 | 7.9–11.2 | 33.8 | 26.0–44.0 | 97.8 | 76.3–125.6 |
| Q4 (1.03% of calories) | 2.6 | 2.2–3.1 | 56.3 | 53.4–59.2 | 8.9 | 7.4–10.6 | 36.1 | 27.7–47.0 | 93.9 | 73.4–120.2a |
| Ptrend | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.03 | |||||
| Cholesterol | ||||||||||
| Q1 (0.26 g/day) | 3.1 | 2.7–3.7 | 57.6 | 54.8–60.4 | 8.6 | 7.2–10.3 | 32.6 | 25.1–42.3 | 111.3 | 86.7–142.9 |
| Q2 (0.34 g/day) | 2.6 | 2.2–3.1 | 54.3 | 51.4–57.1 | 8.6 | 7.3–10.3 | 39.9 | 30.6–51.9 | 116.3 | 90.6–149.2 |
| Q3 (0.40 g/day) | 2.9 | 2.5–3.5 | 58.2 | 55.3–61.1 | 9.0 | 7.6–10.7 | 37.2 | 28.5–48.7 | 109.2 | 84.9–140.6 |
| Q4 (0.51 g/day) | 2.6 | 2.2–3.1 | 57.2 | 54.4–60.1 | 8.4 | 7.1–10.0 | 40.7 | 31.1–53.1 | 104.4 | 81.1–134.3 |
| Ptrend | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.7 | |||||
CI, confidence interval.
aSignificantly different to mean in the lowest quartile of intake at P < 0.05.