Table 4.
Cox proportional hazards regression model for age of presentation of pancreatic cancer
| Variable | Hazard ratio | 95% CI | χ2 P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Center | |||
| United States vs. Italy | 1.03 | 0.56–1.88 | 0.930 |
| Gender | |||
| Male vs. female | 1.06 | 0.81–1.37 | 0.684 |
| BMI | 0.057 | ||
| Normal (BMI<25) | Ref | ||
| Overweight (25≤BMI≤30) | 1.16 | 0.89–1.51 | |
| Obese (BMI>30) | 1.42 | 1.06–1.89 | |
| Family Hx pancreas Ca | |||
| Yes vs. no | 1.98 | 0.79–4.96 | 0.144 |
| Smoking status | <.0001 | ||
| Nonsmokers | Ref | ||
| Past smokers (quit ≥10yearsago) | 0.88 | 0.66–1.18 | |
| Past smokers (quit 1–10years ago) | 1.64 | 1.07–2.53* | |
| Active smokers | 2.69 | 1.97–3.68** | |
| Cigarette (PPD) | |||
| PPD >1 vs. 0 <PPD≤1 | 1.47 | 1.06–2.02* | 0.019 |
| Status of alcohol use at Dx | 0.030 | ||
| Never drinker | Ref | ||
| Quit ≥10 years before Dx | 0.95 | 0.54–1.68 | |
| Quit 1–10 years before Dx | 1.27 | 0.66–2.43 | |
| Active | 1.65 | 0.96–2.81 | |
| Alcohol amount per day | |||
| Heavy (>39g) vs. mild/mod. (≤39g) | 1.62 | 1.04–2.54* | 0.035 |
| Type of alcohol used (includes multiple type users) | 0.815 | ||
| Beer indicator | 1.06 | 0.66–1.68 | |
| Wine indicator | 0.88 | 0.47–1.64 | |
| Hard liquor indicator | 0.90 | 0.59–1.39 |
BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; Dx, diagnosis; Hx, history of; mod., moderate; PPD, packs per day.
*
Significant at 0.05 level.
**
Significant at 0.01 level.
Includes multiple type users.