Table 1.
Reported Pak substrates
| Process | Substrate | Sites | Isoform | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cytoskeleton remodelling | alpha-PIX | S488 | Pak1 | [33] |
| beta-PIX | S340, S525 (S497, S682)* | Pak1, Pak2 | [33, 105] | |
| Caldesmon | S657, S687 | Pak1, Pak3 | [106, 107, 108] | |
| CPI17 | T38 | Pak1 | [109] | |
| Desmin | Pak1 | [110] | ||
| Filamin A | S2152 | Pak1 | [111] | |
| GEF-H1 | S885 | Pak1 | [112] | |
| GIT1 | S517 | Pak1 | [43] | |
| LIM kinase | T508 | Pak1, Pak4 | [113, 114] | |
| MBS | T641 | Pak1 | [109] | |
| MLCK | S439, S991 | Pak1, Pak2 | [60, 115] | |
| NET1 | S152, S153 | Pak1 | [116] | |
| Op18/stathmin | S16 | Pak1 | [59] | |
| p41-ARC | T21 | Pak1 | [57] | |
| Rho GDI | S101, S174 | Pak1 | [117] | |
| R-MLC | S19 | Pak2 | [118, 119] | |
| TCoB | S65, S128 | Pak1 | [41] | |
| Vimentin | S25, S38, S50, S56, S65, S72 | Pak1 | [120–124] | |
| Cell growth | Abl1 | S637, S638 | Pak2 | [125, 126] |
| Aurora A | T288, S342 | Pak1 | [43] | |
| B-Raf | S446 | Pak1 | [127] | |
| c-Myc | T358, S373, T400 | Pak2 | [128] | |
| C-Raf1 | S338; S339 | Pak1, Pak2 Pak3 | [46, 50, 61, 129–131] | |
| ER alpha | S305 | Pak1 | [132, 133] | |
| Histone H3 | S10 | Pak1 | [40] | |
| MEK1 | S298 | Pak1 | [46, 134–137] | |
| MEKK1 | S67 | Pak1 | [138] | |
| Merlin | S518 | Pak1 | [95, 96, 100] | |
| MNK1 | S39 | Pak2 | [139] | |
| Plk1 | S49 | Pak1 | [44] | |
| Prolactin | S179 | Pak2 | [140] | |
| Cell survival | BAD | S111 (S136 through Raf-1) | Pak1, Pak2 | [61, 72, 141] |
| DLC1 | S88 | Pak1 | [68] | |
| FKHR | S256 | Pak1 | [67] | |
| Miscellaneous | CtBP1 | S158 | Pak1 | [142] |
| ESE1 | S207 | Pak1 | [143] | |
| G alpha z | S16 | Pak1 | [144] | |
| p47 phox | S303, S304, S320, S328 | Pak1 | [14, 145] | |
| p67 phox | Not mapped | Pak1 | [146] | |
| PGAM–B | S23, S118 | Pak1 | [38] | |
| PGM | T466 | Pak1 | [39] | |
| SHARP | S3486, T3568 | Pak1 | [147] | |
| SNAI1 | S246 | Pak1 | [35] | |
| STAT5a | S779 | Pak1 | [148] | |
| Syk | Not mapped | Pak2 | [149] | |
| Synapsin I | S603 | Pak1 | [150] | |
| Troponin I | S149 | Pak1 | [151] | |
| Pak auto-phosphorylation | Pak1 | S21, S57, S144, S149, S199, S204 | Pak1 | [8] |
| Pak2 | S19, S20, S55, S141, S165, S192, S197 | Pak2 | [7, 8] | |
| Pak3 | S50, S139 | Pak3 | [8] |
Abl1 Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1, BAD Bcl-2 antagonist of cell death, CPI17 17-kDa PKC-potentiated inhibitory protein of PP1, CtBP1 C-terminal-binding protein 1, DLC1 dynein light chain 1, ER estrogen receptor, ESE1 epithelium-specific Ets transcription factor 1, FKHR Forkhead box protein O1, G alpha z guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha z, GEF-H1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor H1, GIT1 G protein-coupled receptor kinase-interactor 1, MBS myosin binding subunit of type 1 protein phosphatase, MEK1 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1, MEKK1 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1, MLCK myosin light chain kinase, MNK1 MAP kinase interacting kinase 1, NET1 neuroepithelial cell transforming gene 1 (RhoA-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor), P41-ARC actin-related protein 2/3 complex 41 kDa subunit, p47 phox neutrophil NADPH oxidase activator 1, p67 phox neutrophil NADPH oxidase factor 2, PGAM-B phosphoglyceratemutase-B, PGM phosphoglucomutase, PIX PAK-interacting exchange factor, Plk1 Polo-like kinase 1, Rho GDI Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor, R-MLC regulatory myosin light chain, SHARP SMART/HDAC1 associated repressor protein, SNAI1 snail 1 zinc finger protein, STAT5a signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A, Syk spleen tyrosine kinase, TCoB tubulin cofactor B;
beta-PIX phosphorylation sites for transcript B