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. 2014 Feb 13;10(2):e1003956. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003956

Figure 4. Ectopic cell death and neural defects in Spiroplasma-infected male embryos of D. melanogaster.

Figure 4

(A) Schematic diagram of the embryonic nervous system at late stage 12, wherein the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are depicted in red and blue, respectively. (B) Schematic diagram of neurogenesis at the cellular level: blue, neuroblast (or precursor neural cell); green, ganglion mother cells (or GMC); and red, neurons (or differentiated neural cells). (C–F) Lateral views of Spiroplasma-infected female embryos (C–D) and male embryos (E–F) at late stage 12 stained with TUNEL and anti-Elav antibody that visualizes differentiated neural cells. Single optical-sections through CNS of (C) and (E) are shown in (D) and (F), respectively. Green brackets and yellow brackets indicate CNS and PNS, respectively. (G–H) Dorsal views of Spiroplasma-infected female embryos (G) and male embryos (H) at stage 10 stained with TUNEL and anti-Krüppel (Kr) antibody that visualizes precursor neural cells or neuroblasts. Single optical sections through the neuroblast layer are selected.