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. 2014 Feb 13;9(2):e88667. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088667

Figure 2. GABA shunt gene expression in human cancers.

Figure 2

A. GAD1 mRNA overexpression in prostate adenocarcinomas correlates with decreased disease-free survival. Tumors with a GAD1 expression z-score greater than +2 display decreased disease-free survival (median 19.8 months) relative to tumors that do not have increased GAD1 expression (median 110.3 months; p = 0.002). B. GLUL downregulation in prostate adenocarcinomas correlates with disease-free survival (median 27.9 months) relative to tumors without GLUL downregulation (median 110.3 months; p = 0.006). C. GAD1 mRNA expression in prostate cancer cell lines measured with quantitative PCR. GAD1 expression is detectable in castrate-resistant cell lines NCI-H660, PC3, and DU145, but not androgen-responsive cell lines LNCaP and LAPC4. 18S rRNA was used as an internal standard. ΔCt is the difference of the threshold cycle of GAD1 and the threshold cycle of 18S rRNA. ND: Not detected. D. GAD1 mRNA overexpression in clear cell renal cell carcinomas correlates with reduced overall survival. Tumors with a GAD1 z-score >+2 display decreased overall survival (median 52.5 months) relative to tumors that do not have increased GAD1 expression (median 80.6 months; p = 0.01). Tumors with a GAD1 z-score >+3 display a greater decreased median survival time (median 31.1 months) relative to the remainder of the tumors (median 78.4 months; p = 0.002).