Table IV. Adjusted Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals for Very Lighta Smoking among Current Smokers.
| Factor | Very Lighta, No. (%) or Mean (SE) | 6+ CPD, No. (%) or Mean (SE) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adj. OR (95% CI)b |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (Very Lighta, n = 158; 6+ CPD, n = 128) | ||||
| Country of birth | ||||
| U.S. | 56 (36) | 57 (47)* | Reference | Reference |
| Mexico | 63 (42) | 32 (24) | 2.28 (1.26, 4.12) | 2.95 (1.72, 5.07) |
| Other countryc | 39 (22) | 39 (29) | 1.00 (0.55, 1.83) | 1.20 (0.65, 2.24) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Mexican | 95 (61) | 72 (55) | Reference | Reference |
| Other Latino | 63 (39) | 56 (45) | 0.78 (0.51, 1.18) | 0.74 (0.45, 1.23) |
| Years lived in U.S. | ||||
| <5 | 21 (24) | 8 (13) | 3.03 (0.86, 10.71) | 3.20 (0.89, 11.52) |
| 5-9 | 22 (24) | 11 (17) | 2.46 (1.13, 5.36) | 2.58 (1.23, 5.40) |
| 10-14 | 10 (12) | 3 (7) | 2.95 (0.78, 11.15) | 3.23 (0.91, 11.53) |
| ≥15 | 44 (40) | 41 (63) | Reference | Reference |
| Language at home | ||||
| Spanish | 58 (37) | 41 (27)** | 2.96 (1.28, 6.83) | 3.76 (1.74, 8.10) |
| Both languages | 81 (51) | 56 (47) | 2.32 (1.24, 4.36) | 2.63 (1.47, 4.70) |
| English | 19 (12) | 31 (26) | Reference | Reference |
|
| ||||
| California Health Interview Survey (Very Lighta, n = 501; 6+ CPD, n = 351) | ||||
| Country of birth | ||||
| U.S. | 202 (40) | 198 (58)* | Reference | Reference |
| Mexico | 264 (51) | 132 (37) | 2.00 (1.14, 3.52) | 3.05 (1.59, 5.85) |
| Other countryc | 35 (9) | 21 (5) | 2.68 (0.99, 7.25) | 3.69 (1.31, 10.34) |
| Latino nat'l origin | ||||
| Mexican | 424 (79) | 293 (83) | Reference | Reference |
| Central American | 31 (9) | 20 (8) | 1.27 (0.64, 2.53) | 1.09 (0.52, 2.28) |
| Puerto Rican | 5 (1) | 7 (3) | 0.25 (0.08, 0.79) | 0.23 (0.07, 0.80) |
| South American | 13 (5) | 7 (2) | 2.33 (0.28, 19.41) | 2.31 (0.26, 20.82) |
| Other Latino | 6 (1) | 11 (2) | 0.61 (0.08, 4.38) | 0.47 (0.04, 6.15) |
| 2+ Latino types | 22 (4) | 13 (2) | 2.45 (0.92, 6.51) | 2.85 (0.90, 9.02) |
| Percent life in U.S. | ||||
| <20% | 31 (4) | 9 (5) | 1.04 (0.42, 2.57) | 1.07 (0.39, 2.92) |
| 21-40% | 76 (13) | 27 (6) | 2.71 (1.27, 5.76) | 2.84 (1.20, 6.75) |
| 41-60% | 104 (27) | 66 (20) | 1.74 (0.86, 3.54) | 2.09 (0.97, 4.51) |
| 61-80% | 55 (8) | 35 (7) | 1.60 (0.81, 3.16) | 2.59 (1.13, 5.93) |
| ≥81% | 235 (47) | 214 (61) | Reference | Reference |
| Language at home | ||||
| Spanish | 118 (18) | 74 (18)* | 1.58 (0.75, 3.34) | 1.82 (0.69, 4.75) |
| Both languages | 281 (65) | 165 (51) | 1.98 (0.97, 4.05) | 2.10 (0.93, 4.71) |
| English | 87 (17) | 110 (31) | Reference | Reference |
CI, confidence interval; CPD, cigarettes per day; nat'l, national; OR, odds ratio; SE, standard error.
a
Very light smokers were defined as those who smoked 1-5 CPD.
b
Adjusted for age, gender, marital status, and educational attainment (see Appendix Tables I and II).
c
Other Spanish speaking country
*
p<0.05;
**
p<0.01, statistical significance by smoking level.