(A–B): Bright light and fluorescence microscope examination showed the transduction efficiency of recombinant adenoviruses in monolayer culture (24 hours after transduction, 100X) and micromass culture (3 days after transduction, 40X), respectively. (C): Recombinant adenoviruses mediated overexpression of BMP2 and Sox9 mRNA were evaluated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis using GAPDH as a house keeping gene. (D): Sox9 expression were evaluated by western blot analysis in each treatment group at day 2, 5, and 7 after transduction (a to c) and relative Sox9 expression were analyzed by quantity one software using β-actin as controls (d), the results are expressed as mean±SD of triplicate experiments, *P<0.05, #
P<0.01.