Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Reference | No. of patients | No. of knees | Female (%) | Age (years) | BMI | Diagnosis | Methods of non-continuity | Total time of clamping | Time of removing drain | Use of tourniquet | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NON | CON | NON | CON | NON | CON | NON | CON | |||||||
| Kiely et al. (2001) [16] | 76 | 31 | 45 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Temporary | 2 h | 48 h | Yes |
| Pornrattanamaneewong et al. (2012) [22] | 100 | 50 | 50 | 84 | 88 | 68.2 | 69.5 | 27.9 | 27.3 | OA | Intermittent | 6 h | 48 h | Yes |
| Shen et al. (2005) [29] | 89 | 43 | 46 | 83.7 | 93.5 | 65 | 68 | 26.3 | 27.5 | OA, RA | Temporary | 4 h | 72 h | Yes |
| Eum et al. (2006) [8] | 100 | 50 | 50 | 98 | 98 | 68.1 | 67.9 | NA | NA | OA, ON | Temporary | 1 h | 48 h | Yes |
| Roy et al. (2006) [26] | 100 | 50 | 50 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | OA, RA | Temporary | 1 h | 48 h | Yes |
| Raleigh et al. (2007) [24] | 66 | 34 | 32 | 52 | 48–87 | NA | NA | NA | Intermittent | 23 h and 35 m | 24 h | Yes | ||
| Stucinskas et al. (2009) [30] | 60 | 30 | 30 | 76.7 | 90 | 67 | 70 | 32 | 31 | OA | Temporary | 4 h | 48 h | Yes |
| Madadi et al. (2010) [19] | 50 | 50 | 50 | 76 | 60–75 | 23.2 | OA | Temporary | 12 h | 24 h | No | |||
| Chareancholvanich et al. (2012) [4] | 120 | 60 | 60 | 83.3 | 86.7 | 69.8 | 69.8 | NA | NA | OA | Intermittent | 6 h | 48 h | Yes |
NON non-continuous drainage, CON continuous drainage, OA osteoarthritis, RA rheumatoid arthritis, ON osteonecrosis, NA indicates not available, BMI body mass index