Table 1.
The qualitative research procedure for functional digestive disorders quality of life questionnaire (FDDQL) translation and the results
| Step | Comparisons | Qualitative research | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Versions | Agreements | Disagreements | Methods | Waves | Participants | |
| Synthesis of the translations | FWT-A and FWT-B | 7 items | 36 items | Focus groups | 2 | The study group and three patients |
| Backward translations | a) BWT-C and Original FDDQL | 10 items | 33 items | Expert review | 2 | Seven experts |
| b) BWT-D and Original FDDQL | 15 items | 28 items | ||||
| Pilot testing | BWT-C/D and patients’ advice | 32 items | 11 items | Patients interview | 2 | The study group and 30 patients |
There was no unsolved problem in each step