Table 3. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and 95% confidence intervals by malignant neoplasm of urinary organs or kidney disease among Chinese herbalists, stratified by sex and lag period.
| 0-year lag | 5-year lag | 10-year lag | |||||
| Cause of death | ICD-10 | deaths | SMR (95% CI) | deaths | SMR (95% CI) | deaths | SMR (95% CI) |
| Male and female | |||||||
| MN of urinary organ | C67-C68 | 9 | 3.10**(1.41-5.88) | 8 | 3.32**(1.43-6.54) | 7 | 4.47**(1.79-9.20) |
| MN of kidney & other | C64-66,C68 | 6 | 3.81**(1.39-8.29) | 5 | 3.82*(1.24-8.93) | 4 | 4.71*(1.28-12.04) |
| urinary organs | |||||||
| MN of bladder | C67 | 3 | 2.26(0.47-6.59) | 3 | 2.72(0.56-7.95) | 3 | 4.18(0.86-12.23) |
| Acute glomerulonephritis, | N00,N01.0-01.8,N04, | 1 | 0.75(0.02-4.18) | 1 | 0.94(0.02-5.20) | 0 | - |
| nephritic syndrome, renal | N14.4,N17 | ||||||
| failure | |||||||
| Chronic and unspecified | N01.9,N03,N05,N07, | 17 | 2.40**(1.40-3.84) | 11 | 1.82(0.91-3.26) | 7 | 1.76(0.70-3.62) |
| nephritis, renal failure, renal | N14.0-14.3,N15-16, | ||||||
| sclerosis | N18-19,N26 | ||||||
| Male | |||||||
| MN of urinary organ | C67-C68 | 4 | 2.10 (0.57-5.37) | 4 | 2.54 (0.69-6.49) | 4 | 3.93* (1.07-10.39) |
| MN of kidney & other urinary organs | C64-66,C68 | 2 | 2.09 (0.25- 7.53) | 2 | 2.51 (0.30-9.08) | 2 | 3.86 (0.47-13.94) |
| MN of bladder | C67 | 2 | 2.12 (0.26-7.64) | 2 | 2.56 (0.31-9.26) | 2 | 3.99 (0.48-14.41) |
| Acute glomerulonephritis, | N00,N01.0-01.8,N04, | 0 | - | 0 | - | 0 | - |
| nephritic syndrome, renal | N14.4,N17 | ||||||
| failure | |||||||
| Chronic and unspecified | N01.9,N03,N05,N07, | 9 | 2.36* (1.08-4.48) | 6 | 1.85 (0.68-4.03) | 3 | 1.42 (0.29-4.14) |
| nephritis, renal failure, renal | N14.0-14.3,N15-16, | ||||||
| sclerosis | N18-19,N26 | ||||||
| Female | |||||||
| MN of urinary organ | C67-C68 | 5 | 4.99** (1.62-11.66) | 4 | 4.79*(1.30-12.24) | 3 | 5.47* (1.13-16.00) |
| MN of kidney and other | C64-66,C68 | 4 | 6.48**(1.77-16.58) | 3 | 5.85* (1.21-17.1) | 2 | 6.03 (0.73-21.78) |
| urinary organs | |||||||
| MN of bladder | C67 | 1 | 2.60 (0.07-14.44) | 1 | 3.10 (0.08-17.21) | 1 | 4.62 (0.12-25.65) |
| Acute glomerulonephritis, | N00,N01.0-01.8,N04, | 1 | 2.26 (0.06-12.57) | 1 | 2.84 (0.07-15.79) | 0 | - |
| nephritic syndrome, renal | N14.4,N17 | ||||||
| failure | |||||||
| Chronic and unspecified | N01.9,N03,N05,N07, | 8 | 2.45* (1.05-4.82) | 5 | 1.79 (0.58-4.19) | 4 | 2.15 (0.59-5.50) |
| nephritis, renal failure, renal | N14.0-14.3,N15-16, | ||||||
| sclerosis | N18-19,N26 | ||||||
ICD-10, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision.
MN: malignancy.
CI: confidence interval.
*: two-tailed P < 0.05, **: two-tailed P < 0.01.