Table 4. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for participants who perceived higher barriers to exercise, after evaluation by multiple logistic regression analyses.
| Discomfort | Lack of motivation | Lack of time | Lack of social support | Poor environment | |||||||||||
| OR | 95% CI | P value | OR | 95% CI | P value | OR | 95% CI | P value | OR | 95% CI | P value | OR | 95% CI | P value | |
| Sex | |||||||||||||||
| Male | 1.32 | 0.95–1.84 | 0.096 | 1.06 | 0.75–1.49 | 0.749 | 0.78 | 0.55–1.09 | 0.148 | 1.22 | 0.88–1.69 | 0.241 | 1.08 | 0.78–1.50 | 0.649 |
| Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| Age, years | |||||||||||||||
| 20–39 | 1.13 | 0.68–1.86 | 0.640 | 2.31 | 1.34–3.99 | 0.003 | 2.52 | 1.47–4.32 | 0.001 | 1.11 | 0.67–1.82 | 0.693 | 1.01 | 0.61–1.67 | 0.955 |
| 40–59 | 1.22 | 0.79–1.89 | 0.375 | 1.74 | 1.08–2.82 | 0.023 | 2.22 | 1.39–3.56 | 0.001 | 1.00 | 0.64–1.54 | 0.983 | 0.56 | 0.36–0.87 | 0.010 |
| 60– | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| Location of residence | |||||||||||||||
| Tsukuba | 0.92 | 0.57–1.47 | 0.712 | 1.05 | 0.64–1.74 | 0.842 | 0.97 | 0.59–1.58 | 0.897 | 1.13 | 0.70–1.80 | 0.620 | 0.92 | 0.57–1.48 | 0.735 |
| Koganei | 0.79 | 0.50–1.24 | 0.302 | 0.81 | 0.50–1.31 | 0.393 | 0.78 | 0.49–1.26 | 0.312 | 1.03 | 0.65–1.62 | 0.907 | 0.66 | 0.41–1.04 | 0.072 |
| Shizuoka | 0.72 | 0.45–1.15 | 0.173 | 0.90 | 0.55–1.48 | 0.676 | 0.88 | 0.54–1.43 | 0.609 | 0.85 | 0.54–1.35 | 0.495 | 0.81 | 0.51–1.28 | 0.361 |
| Kagoshima | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| Education, years | |||||||||||||||
| ≥13 | 0.99 | 0.70–1.40 | 0.959 | 1.63 | 1.13–2.34 | 0.009 | 1.29 | 0.91–1.84 | 0.158 | 0.84 | 0.59–1.18 | 0.304 | 0.95 | 0.67–1.33 | 0.747 |
| <13 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| Marital status | |||||||||||||||
| Not married | 0.93 | 0.61–1.41 | 0.724 | 0.85 | 0.55–1.33 | 0.487 | 1.21 | 0.78–1.88 | 0.386 | 1.03 | 0.67–1.56 | 0.908 | 0.93 | 0.61–1.41 | 0.728 |
| Married | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| Employment status | |||||||||||||||
| Employed | 0.87 | 0.58–1.29 | 0.478 | 0.96 | 0.63–1.47 | 0.866 | 2.77 | 1.81–4.25 | <0.001 | 0.97 | 0.65–1.43 | 0.862 | 1.07 | 0.72–1.59 | 0.752 |
| Not employed | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| Living with a child or person in need of care | |||||||||||||||
| Yes | 0.73 | 0.51–1.03 | 0.072 | 0.86 | 0.60–1.24 | 0.425 | 1.20 | 0.84–1.72 | 0.307 | 0.98 | 0.69–1.38 | 0.889 | 1.09 | 0.77–1.54 | 0.634 |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| Self-rated health | |||||||||||||||
| Fair or poor | 1.64 | 1.20–2.25 | 0.002 | 1.88 | 1.35–2.61 | <0.001 | 1.03 | 0.74–1.42 | 0.881 | 1.42 | 1.04–1.93 | 0.029 | 1.19 | 0.87–1.63 | 0.270 |
| Good | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | |||||||||||||||
| ≥25 | 1.53 | 1.03–2.27 | 0.037 | 1.08 | 0.72–1.62 | 0.712 | 1.04 | 0.69–1.56 | 0.865 | 1.90 | 1.28–2.82 | 0.001 | 1.79 | 1.21–2.65 | 0.004 |
| <25 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
Abbreviations: BMI, Body mass index; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
Odds ratios were calculated after adjustment for all variables listed in the table.