Table 1. Univariate analysis of demographic and socioeconomic variables, medical history, and screening of blood and urine as risk factors for ESRD in Taiwan, 2005.
| Characteristics | Cases = 200 n (%) |
Controls = 200 n (%) |
P Value | Crude OR (95% CI) |
| Demographic factors | ||||
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 94 (47.0) | 63 (31.5) | 0.0015 | 1.92 |
| Female | 106 (53.0) | 137 (68.5) | (1.28–2.89) | |
| Age group | ||||
| 20–40 years | 47 (23.5) | 80 (40.0) | *<0.0001 | 1 |
| 41–59 years | 113 (56.5) | 103 (51.5) | test for trend | 1.86 (1.19–2.92) |
| 60–64 years | 40 (20.0) | 17 (8.5) | 4.00 (2.04–7.84) | |
| Socioeconomic status | ||||
| Education | ||||
| None or primary education | 87 (43.5) | 26 (13.0) | *<0.0001 | 1 |
| Secondary education | 79 (39.5) | 68 (34.0) | test for trend | 0.34 (0.20–0.59) |
| Tertiary education | 34 (17.0) | 106 (53.0) | 0.09 (0.05–0.17) | |
| Monthly income 5 years before diagnosis (US$) | ||||
| <$900 | 58 (29.0) | 25 (12.5) | *<0.0001 | 1 |
| $900–$1500 | 65 (32.5) | 37 (18.5) | test for trend | 0.75 (0.40–1.40) |
| >$1500 | 77 (38.5) | 138 (69.0) | 0.24 (0.13–0.41) | |
| Medical history 5 years before diagnosis | ||||
| Hypertension | ||||
| Yes | 71 (35.5) | 23 (11.5) | <0.0001 | 4.23 (2.51–7.13) |
| No | 129 (64.5) | 177 (88.5) | ||
| Diabetes | ||||
| Yes | 52 (26.0) | 9 (4.50) | <0.0001 | 7.45 (3.54–15.53) |
| No | 148 (74.0) | 191 (95.5) | ||
| Regular screening 5 years before diagnosis | ||||
| Urine test | ||||
| Yes | 74 (37.0) | 114 (57.0) | <0.000 14 | 0.44 (0.29–0.66) |
| No | 126 (63.0) | 86 (43.0) | ||
| Blood test | ||||
| No | 73 (36.5) | 72 (36.0) | 0.9172 | 1.02 (0.67–1.53) |
| Yes | 127 (63.5) | 128 (64.0) | ||