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FRET fluorescent images using the Rac1 GTPase biosensor in C28/I2 chondrocyte cells. The red color indicates the activation level of Rac1. (A-D) Rac1 activity in response to fluid flow shear at 2, 5, 10, and 20 dyn/cm2 for 60 min. (E) Reduced Rac1 activity in response to fluid flow shear at 10 dyn/cm2 [zoom of the white boxes in (C)]. (F) Elevated Rac1 activity in response to fluid flow shear at 20 dyn/cm2 [zoom of the white boxes in (D)]. n = 7 to 17 (A-F).
