Table 3.

Predictors of tobacco use in older adults in Ghana

Characteristic	Predictive factor	P-value	Odds ratio	95% confidence interval
Tobacco use	Sex
	Female	Ref
	Male	0.001	1.100	1.046-1.148
	Location
	Urban	Ref
	Rural	0.009	1.366	1.083-1.724
	Age group
	50-59	Ref
	60-69	0.992	1.002	0.723-1.389
	70 and above	0.348	0.849	0.602-1.195
	Educational level
	No formal education	Ref
	With education	0.919	1.012	0.798-1.285
	Marital status
	Never married	Ref
	Living with partner (currently married and cohabiting)	0.088	0.277	0.063-1.211
	Living without partner (separated/divorced and widowed)	0.779	0.875	0.343-2.231
	Income level
	Lower income (Q1,Q2 and Q3)	Ref
	Higher income (Q4 and Q5)	0.460	1.408	0.567-3.495
	Health insurance status
	Insured	Ref
	Uninsured	0.005	1.409	1.111-1.787
	Lifetime alcohol use
	Never	Ref
	Ever	0.001	1.310	0.230-2.418
	Self-reported angina
	No	Ref
	Yes	0.323	1.532	0.658-3.566
	Self-reported arthritis
	No	Ref
	Yes	0.009	1.625	0.440-2.889
	Self-reported asthma
	No	Ref
	Yes	0.805	1.075	0.607-1.903
	Self-reported chronic lung disease
	No	Ref
	Yes	0.139	1.387	0.298-2.272
	Self-reported depression
	No	Ref
	Yes	0.291	1.613	0.247-2.520
	Self-reported diabetes
	No	Ref
	Yes	0.659	1.894	0.542-2.473
	Self-reported hypertension
	No	Ref
	Yes	0.809	1.024	0.731-1.435
	Self-reported stroke
	No	Ref
	Yes	0.914	1.035	0.555-1.930
	Level of subjective well being/ life satisfaction
	Satisfied	Ref
	Indifferent	0.006	4.115	1.505-8.252
	Not satisfied	0.022	3.259	1.190-5.928