Table 1.
List of articles aiming at identifying the risk factors of WNF occurrence and/or transmission, and variables associated with seroprevalence or case occurrence in human or horses. Ref. stands for References.
| Infection Marker | Scale | Explicative Variables | Validation | Prediction | Ref. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abiotic | Landcover | Landscape | Other | |||||
| Horse seroprevalence | Local (France) | Age, breed, group size | Yes, internal | No | [36] | |||
| Horse cases and seroprevalence | Local (France) | Wet sansouire, open water, rice fields, dry bushes | No | No | [37] | |||
| Horse seroprevalence | Local (France) | Density of hetero-geneous agricultural areas | Insterspersion and juxtaposition index | Yes, internal | Yes | [38] | ||
| Horse seroprevalence | Local (Iran) | Elevation | Age | No | No | [39] | ||
| Horse seroprevalence | Local (Spain) | Number of horses within the holding, transport within the last 6 months, presence of mosquitoes | No | No | [40] | |||
| Horse seroprevalence | Country (Tunisia) | Night-time land surface temperature, biannual phase of NDVI | Distance to the nearest RAMSAR site | Yes, external | Yes | [41] | ||
| Horse cases | Local (Morocco) | NDVI, rainfall | No | No | [42] | |||
| Human and horse cases | Continental (Russia, Greece, Israel, Romania, Turkey, Hungary, Italy, Spain) | Temperature, Relative Humidity | No | No | [43] | |||