Table 3.
Use of preventive servicesby respondents 65 years and over (n = 1,649) according to socioeconomic status after adjustment for sociodemographic variables, health status and risk factors.
| Preventive Service | Pneumococcus Immunization (in past 5 years) |
Influenza Immunization (in past year) |
Blood Cholesterol Measurement (in past 5 years) |
Blood Sugar Measurement (in past 3 years) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) * | 1.04 (1.02–1.06) *** | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 0.84 (0.61–1.16) | 0.76 (0.59–0.97) * | 1.56 (1.09–2.22) ** | 1.27 (0.95–1.68) |
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Region | ||||
| Flemish region | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Brussels’ region | 2.08 (1.45–2.98) *** | 0.86 (0.65–1.15) | 1.12 (0.75–1.67) | 1.43 (1.03–1.99) * |
| Walloon region | 1.59 (1.14–2.20) ** | 0.80 (0.62–1.03) | 1.38 (0.97–1.96) | 1.27 (0.97–1.68) |
| Year | ||||
| 2004 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 2008 | 0.90 (0.68–1.19) | 1.10 (0.88–1.38) | 1.54 (1.12–2.14) ** | 1.58 (1.23–2.04) *** |
| Living situation | ||||
| with other(s) at home | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| living alone | 0.53 (0.39–0.72) *** | 0.85 (0.68–1.08) | 0.90 (0.65–1.25) | 1.12 (0.86–1.46) |
| Self-assessed health | ||||
| good to very good health | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| fair, bad to very bad | 1.0 (0.75–1.37) | 1.45 (1.13–1.85) ** | 1.39 (0.97–1.98) | 1.16 (0.88–1.54) |
| Longstanding illness or health problem | ||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.28 (0.96–1.71) | 1.36 (1.08–1.72) ** | 1.86 (1.31–2.65) *** | 1.68 (1.28–2.21) *** |
| BMI | ||||
| <18.5 | 2.15 (1.06–4.37) * | 0.96 (0.49–1.86) | 0.36 (0.17–0.79) ** | 0.38 (0.20–0.75) ** |
| 18.5–25 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 25–30 | 1.28 (0.95–1.72) | 1.45 (1.15–1.84) ** | 1.04 (0.74–1.45) | 1.15 (0.88–1.51) |
| 30+ | 1.04 (0.66–1.73) | 1.28 (0.92–1.79) | 1.11 (0.68–1.81) | 0.98 (0.67–1.42) |
| Smoking status | ||||
| never | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| former | 1.20 (0.86–1.67) | 0.90 (0.69–1.18) | 1.33 (0.90–1.96) | 1.12 (0.83–1.53) |
| occasionally/daily | 1.43 (0.92–2.21) | 0.76 (0.54–1.08) | 0.98 (0.60–1.60) | 0.86 (0.59–1.12) |
| Physical activity | ||||
| ≥30 min/day | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| <30 min/day | 1.22 (0.83–1.79) | 1.06 (0.80–1.40) | 0.63 (0.41–0.95) * | 0.81 (0.59–1.12) |
| Highest level of education within the household | ||||
| No degree or primary education | 0.78 (0.51–1.19) | 0.98 (0.70–1.37) | 0.43 (0.26–0.71) *** | 0.47 (0.32–0.70) *** |
| Lower secondary | 0.91 (0.60–1.37) | 1.03 (0.74–1.43) | 0.60 (0.36–0.99) * | 0.58 (0.39–0.87) ** |
| Higher secondary | 1.13 (0.77–1.66) | 0.97 (0.71–1.33) | 0.61 (0.37–1.01) | 0.55 (0.38–0.81) ** |
| Higher education | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Equivalent household income (€) | ||||
| <750 | 3.03 (0.87–10.57) | 1.18 (0.61–2.28) | 1.08 (0.43–2.70) | 1.27 (0.59–2.73) |
| 750–1,000 | 3.40 (1.00–11.58) * | 1.02 (0.54–1.92) | 1.32 (0.53–3.25) | 1.41 (0.67–2.96) |
| 1,000–1,500 | 3.27 (0.98–10.88) | 1.54 (0.83–2.83) | 1.45 (0.60–3.46) | 1.27 (0.62–2.60) |
| 1,500–2,500 | 3.94 (1.16–13.33) * | 1.21 (0.64–2.29) | 1.22 (0.49–3.04) | 1.23 (0.58–2.61) |
| >2,500 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Notes: Complete case analyses, after adjustment for age, sex, region, living situation, risk factors and health status; Odds ratios (ORs); 95% confidence intervals (CIs); p values (Wald Chi-square test); * p ≤ 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.01; *** p ≤ 0.001.