Table 1.
Maternal Demographic and Intrapartum Characteristics
| Length of latent phase | ||
|---|---|---|
|
| ||
| Less than 6 hours (n = 940) |
6 hours or more (n = 407) |
|
|
| ||
| Age (y) | 23.9 ± 5.4 | 23.9 ± 5.6 |
|
| ||
| Race | ||
| Black | 280 (29.8) | 140 (34.4) |
| White | 591 (62.9) | 207 (50.9) |
| Asian | 9 (1.0) | 5 (1.2) |
| Other | 60 (6.4) | 55 (13.5) |
|
| ||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||
| Pre-pregnancy | 25.8 ± 6.2 | 27.6 ± 7.1 |
| Delivery | 31.9 ± 6.3 | 33.7 ± 7.0 |
|
| ||
| Ethnic group | ||
| Hispanic or Latino | 135 (14.4) | 85 (20.9) |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 805 (85.6) | 322 (79.1) |
|
| ||
| Gestational age (wk) | 39.9 ± 1.4 | 39.9 ± 1.5 |
|
| ||
| Indication for labor induction | ||
| Post-term | 289 (30.7) | 112 (27.5) |
| Gestational hypertension | 197 (21.0) | 74 (18.2) |
| Oligohydramnios | 85 (9.0) | 45 (11.1) |
| Premature rupture of membranes | 31 (3.3) | 54 (13.3) |
| Other maternal or fetal indication | 154 (16.4) | 82 (20.1) |
| Elective | 184 (19.6) | 40 (9.8) |
|
| ||
| Cervical ripening agents | ||
| Prostaglandin | 217 (23.1) | 105 (25.8) |
| Foley Catheter | 202 (21.5) | 77 (18.9) |
| Both | 24 (2.6) | 11 (2.7) |
| None | 497 (52.9) | 214 (52.6) |
|
| ||
| Use of epidural analgesia | 917 (97.6) | 401 (98.5) |
|
| ||
| Type of delivery | ||
| Spontaneous | 489 (52.0) | 168 (41.3) |
| Operative vaginal | 155 (16.5) | 39 (9.6) |
| Cesarean | 296 (31.5) | 200 (49.1) |
|
| ||
| Initial Cervical Dilation (cm) | ||
| 0 | 120 (12.8) | 73 (17.9) |
| 1 | 433 (46.1) | 249 (61.2) |
| 2 | 387 (41.2) | 85 (20.9) |
|
| ||
| Initial Cervical Effacement (%) | ||
| 0-25% | 184 (19.6) | 129 (31.7) |
| 30-50% | 279 (29.7) | 155 (38.1) |
| 60-75% | 223 (23.7) | 73 (17.9) |
| 80-90% | 232 (24.7) | 41 (10.1) |
| Unknown | 22 (2.3) | 9 (2.2) |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, or number (percent)