Table 3.

Elastic moduli of human enamel and dentin reported in this and previous studies.

References	Test type	Shape	N	Dimensions (mm)	Tooth	E of enamel	E of dentin
This study	CMP		Enamel 10	1.2 × 1.2 × 3.0	Canines, premolars	1338.2 ± 307.9 MPa	1653.7 ± 277.9 MPa
			Dentin 10
Stanford et al.10	CMP		Enamel 14	Diameter 0.9–1.57	Unspecified	8.2–37.2 GPa	8.3–12.3 GPa
			Dentin 8	Length 0.7–2.2
Craig et al.11	CMP		29	Diameter 0.8	Mandibular first molars	62.7–95.8 GPa	–
				Length 0.8–2.4
Trengrove et al.12	CMP		68	Diameter 4.0	Central incisors; upper, lower canine	–	5.3 ± 1.6 to 6.1 ± 1.6 MPa
					Length 4.0
Jantarat et al.13	CMP		9	Outer diameter 3.5	Maxillary incisors, canines	–	13.3 ± 1.3 GPa
				Internal diameter 1.5
				Length 6–10
Haines14	CMP	Cross-sectioned	–	Thickness 0.254	Unspecified	–	11.0 GPa
Fong et al.15	N-I	Cross-sectioned	6	–	Incisor teeth	98.3 ± 5.9 GPa	24.8 ± 1.4 GPa
He et al.16	N-I	Cross-sectioned	–	–	Premolar	40–80 GPa	60–100 GPa
Habelitz et al.17	N-I	Cross-sectioned	4	–	Third molars	75–90 GPa	–
Marshall et al.18	N-I	Cross-sectioned	5	Thickness 1.0	Third molars	–	19.65 GPa
Arcís et al.19	N-I	Cross-sectioned	5	Diameter 8.0, Thickness 2.0	Unspecified	–	2–8 GPa
Padmanabhan et al.20	N-I	Cross-sectioned	4	–	Molar teeth	3.22–3.51 GPa	–
Senawongse et al.21	TLM, NHT	Cross-sectioned	10	Thickness 5	Aged molars, young third molars	–	29.9 ± 5.4 GPa
			10				30.9 ± 9.1 GPa

E: elastic modulus, CMP: compression test, N-I: Nanoindentation, TLM: transmitted light microscopy, NHT: nanohardness test.