Figure 1. Ethanol increases HMGB1 expression and release.

A: ELISA measurements indicate ethanol dose-dependently increase HMGB1 release into culture medium compared with Control (*p<0.05; n = 3); B: Western blotting of the whole cell lysate show HMGB1 protein level was increased progressively over time period in response to ethanol; C: RT-PCR analysis show ethanol-induced mRNA expression and HMGB1 as well as TLR4 and TLR2 (*p<0.05 compared with Control; n = 3).