Table 2B.
Comparison of the heavy metal (Cd, As, Pb, and Ni) contents in commercial yam powder products to other agricultural products (cereals, vegetables, pulses, and fruits)
| Yam powder products1) | Cd2) | As | Pb | Ni | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Yam (mg/kg) | Cereals3) (mg/kg) | Yam (mg/kg) | Vegetables (mg/kg) | Yam (mg/kg) | Pulses (mg/kg) | Yam (mg/kg) | Fruits (mg/kg) | |
| A | 0.043±0.004 | tr4)~0.460 | 0.174±0.158 | tr~0.13 | 0.740±0.268 | tr~1.09 | 0.82 | tr~2.36 |
| B | 0.045±0.006 | tr~0.460 | 0.109±0.098 | tr~0.13 | 0.687±0.343 | tr~1.09 | 2.73 | tr~2.36 |
| C | 0.039±0.013 | tr~0.460 | 0.045±0.012 | tr~0.13 | 0.446±0.044 | tr~1.09 | 2.68 | tr~2.36 |
| D | 0.047±0.004 | tr~0.460 | 0.190±0.216 | tr~0.13 | 0.615±0.096 | tr~1.09 | 1.98 | tr~2.36 |
| E | 0.031±0.002 | tr~0.460 | 0.060±0.018 | tr~0.13 | 0.077±0.062 | tr~1.09 | 2.87 | tr~2.36 |
| F | 0.042±0.018 | tr~0.460 | 0.023±0.017 | tr~0.13 | 0.198±0.046 | tr~1.09 | 0.93 | tr~2.36 |
| Mean±SD | 0.041±0.001 | 0.032 (mean) | 0.100±0.087 | 0.03 (mean) | 0.460±0.143 | 0.70 (mean) | 1.00 | 0.25 (mean) |
1)
The same yam powder products as in Table 1.
2)
Cd, cadmium; As, arsenic; Pb, lead; Ni, nickel.
3)
The values of heavy metal contents in agricultural products (cereals, vegetables, pulses, and fruits) of South Korea were cited from Kim et al. (19).
4)
tr, trace amount.
Values of Cd, As and Pb are from two separate experiments performed in duplicates (mean±SD) and values for Ni are from a single measurement.
The level of heavy metals (As, Pb) were measured and presented in three decimal points, while the standard levels of the metal are only presented in two decimal points.