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. 2014 Feb 7;9:775–794. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S51465

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© 2014 Svensson et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License

The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

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Staphylococcus epidermidis adhering to AuNP and Au after 24 and 48 hours, as visualized with SEM. After 24 hours, S. epidermidis on smooth gold surfaces (B) displayed more cell-connecting slime (some indicated by arrows) compared with nanostructured gold (A). A mature biofilm with high tower formations (arrows) was seen on smooth surfaces (D) after 48 hours, whereas the bacteria on nanostructured gold (C) were more horizontally scattered.

Abbreviations: AuNP, nanostructured gold surface; Au, smooth gold surface; SEM, scanning electron microscopy.