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. 2014 Feb 14;9(2):e89166. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089166

Figure 6. Effects of caffeic acid derivatives on fatty acid oxidation in adipocytes and muscle cells.

Figure 6

Differentiated cells were treated with indicated treatments for 24 µM palmitate injection and the area under the curve (AUC) at a two-hour measurement point was calculated as % change from baseline. (a) Treatment of 3T3L1 adipocytes and (b) treatment of C2C12 muscle cells with combinations of Leu/HMB with cinnamic acid (Cin, 1 µM). (c) Treatment of 3T3L1 adipocytes with combinations of Leu with methoxy-cinnamic acid (M-Cin, 1 nM). (d) Treatment of C2C12 muscle cells with combinations of Leu/HMB with trans-ferulic acid (Fer, 0.5 µM). Data are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 4 to 8). *indicates significant difference to control, **indicates significant difference to control and individual compound (p<0.05).