Table 3.

Body weights (BW) and components of 24-h energy expenditure (EE) before (T1), during (T2a and T2b) and after (T3a and T3b) food restriction in low (L) and normal (N) birth weight pigs food restricted for 21 days (age 80–100 day) and subsequently refed ad libitum (R), and in pigs fed ad libitum throughout the experimental period (C)

	T1/76 day				T2a/83 day				T2b/97 day				T3a/104 day				T3b/125 day
	N		L		N		L		N		L		N		L		N		L
	C	R	C	R	C	R	C	R	C	R	C	R	C	R	C	R	C	R	C	R
BW (kg)	28.0Aab ±0.9	28.3Ab ±0.9	23.7Aab ±1.0	23.3Aa ±1.0	32.0Bb ±0.9	31.8Bb ±0.9	27.2Bab ±1.0	26.5Ba ±1.0	41.8Cb ±1.0	37.2Cab ±1.1	37.0Cab ±1.1	32.3Ca ±1.2	47.2Db ±1.1	43.1Dab ±1.2	42.7Dab ±1.3	37.5 Da ±1.3	67.6Eb ±1.6	64.5Eab ±1.7	62.7Eab ±1.8	57.5Ea ±1.9
EIF (kJ/kg BW0.62 day−1)	2370 ±131	2359B ±131	2287 ±143	2388B ±143	1991b ±75	1390Aa ±76	2051b ±79	1522Aa ±83	1887b ±73	1264Aa ±73	2129b ±77	1383Aa ±80	2047 ±87	2443B ±88	2207 ±96	2386B ±96	2217 ±127	2522B ±128	2254 ±140	2515B ±140
EE (kJ/kg BW0.62 day−1)	1278 ±26	1295C ±26	1256 ±29	1257B ±30	1248 ±25	1157B ±24	1224 ±25	1129A ±28	1266b ±20	1059Aa ±22	1299b ±21	1079Aa ±22	1265 ±22	1290C ±22	1299 ±25	1280B ±24	1288 ±32	1340C ±30	1309 ±34	1373B ±34
EB (kJ/kg BW0.62 day−1)	1032 ±149	1105B ±150	1061 ±167	1077B ±172	595ab ±80	239Aa ±78	787b ±82	303Aab ±91	629b ±72	192Aa ±80	780b ±76	304Aab ±80	701a ±72	1153Bb ±71	908ab ±80	1106Bb ±78	1022 ±105	1182B ±99	977 ±113	1169B ±113
RMR (kJ/kg BW0.62 day−1)	947 ±23	933BC ±23	906 ±26	914AB ±27	970b ±19	862Ba ±19	933ab ±20	852Aa ±22	976b ±15	786Aa ±17	980b ±16	824Aa ±17	957 ±18	980C ±18	967 ±20	961B ±19	968 ±21	1005C ±20	997 ±23	1006B ±23
RQ	0.95A ±0.01	0.95A ±0.01	0.94A ±0.02	0.98A ±0.02	0.94Aab ±0.01	0.91Aa ±0.01	0.99ABb ±0.01	0.93Aa ±0.01	0.95Aab ±0.01	0.92Aa ±0.01	0.99ABb ±0.01	0.93Aab ±0.01	0.98ABa ±0.01	1.07Bb ±0.01	1.03Bab ±0.01	1.07Bb ±0.01	1.03B ±0.01	1.07B ±0.01	1.04B ±0.01	1.07B ±0.01
Q value (MJ EE d−1/MJ EI d−1)	0.58AB ±0.03	0.55 ±0.03	0.57 ±0.04	0.55 ±0.04	0.69AB ±0.03	–	0.63 ±0.05	–	0.68AB ±0.04	–	0.65 ±0.04	–	0.65Bb ±0.02	0.53a ±0.02	0.59ab ±0.02	0.54a ±0.02	0.57A ±0.02	0.54 ±0.02	0.59 ±0.02	0.55 ±0.02
FOX (g/kg BW0.62 day−1)	2.47B ±1.58	1.46B ±1.59	2.34B ±1.78	−0.88B ±1.81	3.42Bb ±1.03	7.05Cb ±1.00	−2.05ABa ±1.05	4.43Bb ±1.18	2.51Bab ±1.19	4.75BCb ±1.34	−2.79ABa ±1.25	3.96Bb ±1.31	−0.84Bb ±1.35	−10.1Aa ±1.31	−6.57Aab ±1.49	−9.92Aa ±1.44	−7.05A ±1.64	−11.21A ±1.53	−8.37A ±1.75	−12.06A ±1.75
COX (g/kg BW0.62 day−1)	58.8A ±3.3	61.8B ±3.4	58.5A ±3.8	65.3B ±3.8	55.8Aab ±2.7	43.1Aa ±2.6	62.9Ab ±2.7	46.9Aa ±3.1	58.4Aab ±3.0	43.1Aa ±3.4	69.5ABb ±3.2	45.3Aa ±3.3	65.8ABa ±3.2	87.6Cb ±3.1	79.1Bab ±3.5	86.8Cb ±3.4	80.8B ±4.6	92.6C ±4.2	83.5B ±4.9	96.5C ±4.9
COX (g/kg BW0.62 kg FI−1 day−1)	53.9Ba ±1.9	54.6Ba ±1.9	60.3Cab ±2.1	65.7Cb ±2.1	54.3B ±3.6	52.5AB ±3.4	57.3BC ±3.6	58.6ABC ±4.1	46.4AB ±2.0	52.8B ±2.2	50.9BC ±2.1	55.3AB ±4.1	46.4Ba ±1.4	52.3Bab ±1.4	50.7Bab ±1.6	58.0BCb ±1.5	38.4Aa ±1.6	41.7Aab ±1.5	41.3Aab ±1.7	46.5Ab ±1.7

Values are 24-h LSM ± SE (n = 7–12/group), P values are provided in Online Resource 5

^abWithin a row, LSM without a common lower case superscript differ among the groups within one time point (P ≤ 0.05, Tukey–Kramer test)

^A–EWithin a row, LSM without a common capital superscript differ within one group between the time points (P ≤ 0.05, Tukey–Kramer test)

^FEI, energy intake; EB, energy balance; RMR, resting metabolic rate; RQ, respiratory quotient; FOX, fat oxidation; COX, carbohydrate oxidation