Table 1.

Baseline characteristics according to ethnicity

Characteristic	White-Americans N =3,506	African-Americans N=1,860	Mexican-Americans N =1,749	Adjusted p-value
				W vs. A	W vs. M	A vs. M
Age (years), mean (SE)	60.7 (0.4)	56.0 (0.5)	56.0 (0.4)	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.923
Females, n (%)	1830 (52.2)	968 (52.0)	847 (48.4)	0.923	0.101	0.066
BMI (kg/m2), mean (SE)	27.2 (0.1)	28.5 (0.2)	28.6 (0.2)	<0.001	< 0.001	0.905
BMI ≥ 30, n (%)	878 (25.0)	636 (34.2)	589 (33.9)	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.905
Smoking history, n (%)
< 10 pack-years	1950 (56.1)	1183 (64.9)	1265 (73.2)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
≥ 10 pack-years	1524 (43.9)	641 (35.1)	462 (26.8)
Chronic conditions, n (%) *
Hypertension	1279 (36.5)	859 (46.3)	530 (30.5)	< 0.001	0.003	< 0.001
COPD †	319 (9.1)	93 (5.0)	66 (3.8)	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.139
Diabetes mellitus	299 (8.5)	246 (13.2)	312 (17.8)	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Myocardial infarction	265 (7.6)	96 (5.2)	79 (4.7)	0.002	0.001	0.506
Stroke	134 (3.8)	80 (4.3)	44 (2.5)	0.430	0.014	0.004
Heart failure	127 (3.6)	89 (4.8)	105 (6.0)	0.065	< 0.001	0.165
High CV risk, n (%) ‡	1885 (53.8)	1233 (66.3)	1021 (58.4)	< 0.001	0.020	< 0.001
Reduced health status, n (%)	672 (19.2)	609 (32.8)	731 (41.8)	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

Abbreviations: A, African-Americans; BMI, body mass index (weight in kilograms divided by height in meters-squared); CV, cardiovascular; M, Mexican-Americans; NHANES III, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1-second; FVC, forced vital capacity; SE, standard error; W, White-Americans.

^*Self-reported, physician-diagnosed.

^†Included chronic bronchitis or emphysema.

^‡Included the presence of any of the following: BMI ≥ 30, hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, stroke, or myocardial infarction.