Table 1.

International eHealth regimes

		WHO	OECD	EU
Norms	Origin	Millennium development goals	Science and technology policy	Lisbon strategy for growth and jobs
	Problem perception	Fighting poverty and poor health; insufficient resources in developing countries	Insufficient coordination between state agencies; insufficient ICT infrastructure	Ageing societies; increasing costs
	Objectives	Advice and recommendations regarding knowledge/technology; cooperation between public and private actors	Technology diffusion; higher quality health care; establishing the market for eHealth solutions	Driver for economic growth; more efficient and higher quality of health care delivery; market creation
Rules	Procedures	Supporting activities of the WHO; WHO works with other IOs	Commissioned evaluation reports; workshops with member country reps.	Participation open to member states (and sometimes to stakeholders)
	Actors	States, stakeholders	States, stakeholders	States, stakeholders
	Policy instruments	Benchmarking by WHO, standard setting, coordination of standardization organizations, policy and technology advice, and monitoring	Best practices, policy and technology diffusion, and learning between member states	Establishment of standardization projects for member states, policy and technology recommendations, priority setting, and project funding