Table 4.

Coefficients from multinomial logistic regressions of type and source of care: Spain, England and the United States of America (USA)

Variables	Spain (N=384)		England (N= 1,600)		USA (N=2,756)
	β	SE	β	SE	β	SE
Informal care inside  the household:
Age:
50–64	1.41 **	0.708	2.20***	0.332	1.46***	0.325
65–79	0.53	0.382	1.30***	0.246	0.63***	0.210
80 +	–	–	–	–	–	–
Female	−0.32	0.410	−0.64***	0.263	−0.07	0.223
Married	−0.01	0.405	3.06***	0.257	1.76***	0.226
Child in the hh	1.10***	0.389	2.78***	0.364	1.00***	0.259
Child out hh	−1.11 **	0.479	0.46	0.292	0.26	0.482
Number of ADLs	0.08	0.106	−0.19***	0.075	−0.34***	0.052
Number of IADLs	−0.35***	0.104	−0.24***	0.079	−0.28***	0.056
Informal care outside  the household:
Age:
50–64	0.44	1.089	1.15***	0.333	1.31***	0.334
65–79	0.15	0.652	0.39*	0.223	0.17	0.224
80 +	–	–	–	–	–	–
Female	1.35	1.005	−0.24	0.271	0.16	0.243
Married	−0.75*	0.689	−1.46***	0.260	−1.24***	0.261
Child in the hh	0.39	0.677	−2.34***	0.586	0.40	0.266
Child outside hh	0.38	0.931	0.45*	0.254	1.07**	0.531
Number of ADLs	−0.41 *	0.285	−0.42***	0.075	−0.35***	0.055
Number of IADLs	−0.69***	0.224	−0.23***	0.083	−0.25***	0.059
Formal care:
Age:
50-64	−0.60	0.952	−0.21	0.517	1.35**	0.574
65-79	−0.59	0.280	0.21	0.317	0.39	0.440
80 +	–	–	–	–	–	–
Female	0.08	0.593	−0.19	0.351	−0.31	0.442
Married	−0.13	0.563	−0.69*	0.381	−1.30**	0.553
Child in hh	0.16	0.552	−1.09	0.780	−0.47	0.694
Child outside hh	−0.70	0.639	−0.73***	0.325	−0.66***	1.042
Number of ADLs	0.23	0.159	−0.31***	0.129	−0.47***	0.126
Number of IADLs	−0.59***	0.149	−0.38***	0.127	−0.58***	0.150
Likelihood ratio test  (chi-square)	393.4		913.7		1,486.8

Notes: SE: standard error. hh: household. ADL: activity of daily living. IADL: instrumental activity of daily living. “Formal and informal care” is the omitted category.

Source: See Table 1.

Significance levels:

^*p<0.1

^**p<0.05

^***p<0.01.