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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Feb 16.
Published in final edited form as: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011 Dec;1246:1–10. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06347.x

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Central B cell tolerance requires proper BCR and TLR signaling. The frequencies of polyreactive (A) and antinuclear (B) new emigrant/transitional B cells are compared between controls (open diamonds), subjects with the PTPN22 “T” risk allele, patients with diverse PID, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and type 1 diabetes (T1D) (black diamonds). Alteration in either BCR or TLR signaling results in a failure to counterselect developing autoreactive B cells in the bone marrow and results in increased frequencies of polyreactive new emigrant/transitional B cells. IRAK4- and MYD88-deficient new emigrant/transitional B cells were especially enriched in antinuclear clones, as shown in B.