Table 4. SEB-targeting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in recent literature (2010–12).

Antibody	Species	Specificity	Binding affinity and use
Ch63 and Ch82M full-length mAbs	Human–mouse chimeras	Distinct, undefined epitopes on SEB. No cross-reactivity with SEA or TSST-1.	Ch63 = 437 pM (KD) for SEB by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Ch82M = 602 pM (KD) for SEB.30 In vitro neutralization of SEB-induced proliferation in murine splenocytes from BALB/C or HLA-DR3 transgenics. Neutralization of SEB in human PBMC assays. Synergistic protection afforded by mAbs.
Ten fAbs with two converted to full-length mAbs	Human	No reactivity with SEA, TSST-1, or SPEA. Varying reactivities with SEB, SEC1, SEC2, and SPEC.	KD range of 1.1 μM–1.3 nM for SEB by SPR.42 In vitro neutralization of SEB, SEC1, and SPEC in human PBMC assays. Neutralization of SEB in lethal shock model (murine).
fAbs and full-length mAbs	Human	Varying reactivities with SEA, SEB, SEC1, and SED	KD range of three best clones (1.2 nM–320 pM) for SEB by SPR.148 In vitro neutralization of SEB in human PBMC assays. Neutralization of SEB in lethal shock model (murine). Antibodies are stable toward heat and cold over 15 d.
Single domain antibody (sdAb) A3 consisting of only heavy chain	Lama	Specific for SEB, no cross-reactivity with SEA, SED, or Shiga toxin	KD range of 75 - 600 pM for SEB by SPR.149 Used as capture and detector antibody in Luminex-based assays for SEB (64 pg/ml detection limits). sdAb A3 is heat stable up to 80°C.
fAb and single-chain variable (scFv) fragments from commercial mAb (ab53981)	Mouse	SEB only tested with fAb and scFv fragments. Intact ab53981 recognizes N-terminal epitope 8PDELHKS,14 as well as SEC2 and SED.	fAb fragment = 4.1 pM (KD) for SEB by SPR.150 scFv = 0.8 pM (KD) Antibody fragments used in establishing detection limits for SEB by ELISA (0.5 ng) and western blot (25 ng)