Table 2B. Immune agonists that confer protection against model strains of Francisella, but have unknown, or no protective effects against virulent F. tularensis .
| Agonist | Cellular receptor | Challenge strain, route, animal | Protective effect | Requirements for protection |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Endotoxin | TLR4 | Mice infected i.p. with F. tularensisa | i.p. pre-treatment increased survival rate | ND |
| AGP | TLR4 | Mice infected i.n. with F. novicida | i.n. pre- and post-treatment increased survival rate | IFN-γ |
| LVS LPS | ? | Mice infected i.p. with LVS or i.n. with SchuS4 | i.p. pre-treatment increased survival rates in LVS challenged animals No protective effect observed in mice challenged with SchuS4 |
TLR2, IRAK4, B cells, antibody |
| CpG | TLR9 | Mice infected i.p. with LVS or i.n. with SchuS4 | i.p. pre-treatment increased survival rate in LVS challenged animals i.n. or i.p. pre-treatment had no protective effect in mice challenged i.n. with SchuS4 |
B cells, IFN-γ TLR9 |
| Poly I:C | TLR3 | Mice infected i.p. with F. tularensisa | i.p. pre-treatment extended mean time to death | ND |
| Tilorone | ? | Mice infected i.p. with F. tularensisa | i.p. pre-treatment extended mean time to death | ND |
| L1S | TLR4? | Mice infected i.p. with LVS | i.p. pretreatment lowered tissue burdens | ND |
See text for references. ?, cellular receptor unknown or unclear; ND, not determined; astrain used for challenge unclear.