Table 3B. Effective serum immunotherapy strategies against model strains of Francisella that have unknown, or no protective effects against virulent F. tularensis.
| Immunogen | Serum donor | Challenge animal, route, strain | Protective effect | Requirements for protection |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Live F. tularensis LVS | Human | Mice infected i.p. with LVS | i.p. pre-treatment increased survival rate | ND |
| Live F. tularensis LVS | Mice | Mice infected i.p. with LVS | i.p. pre-treatment increased survival rate | IgG, T cells, IFN-γ |
| Live F. tularensis LVS | Mice | Wild-type or B cell-deficient mice infected i.d. with LVS | i.p. pre-treatment increased survival rates in B cell-deficient mice, and decreased bacterial burdens in both B cell-deficient and wild-type mice | ND |
| LPS from F. tularensis LVS | Mice | Mice infected i.p. with LVS | i.p. pre-treatment increased survival rate | ND |
| Live F. novicida ∆iglC | Mice | B cell-deficient mice infected i.n. with F. novicida | i.p. pre-treatment increased survival rate | ND |
| Live F. tularensis LVS | Mice | Mice infected i.n. with LVS | i.p. pre- or post-treatment increased survival rates | FCγR, IFN-γ, neutrophils, macrophages |
| Live F. tularensis LVS | Mice | Mice infected i.n. with LVS | i.p. or i.n. post-treatment with a mAb reactive with LVS LPS increased survival rates | ND |
| Heat-killed F. tularensis LVS | Mice | Mice infected i.p. with LVS | i.p. pre-treatment increased survival rate | ND |
| Live and sonicated F. tularensis LVS | Mice | Mice infected i.d. with LVS or SchuS4 | Pre- or post-treatment with FopA -reactive mAb increased survival rates in LVS-challenged animals, no effect in SchuS4-challenged animalsb | ND |
| Live and sonicated F. tularensis LVS | Mice | Mice infected i.d. with LVS | Post-treatment with LpnA-reactive mAb increased survival rateb | ND |
| F. tularensis FopA | Mice | Mice infected i.d. with LVS | Pre- and post-treatment increased survival rateb | ND |
| Live or heat-killed F. tularensis LVS | Mice | Irradiated mice infected i.d. with LVS | i.p. pre-treatment increased survival rate | ND |
See text for references. ?, immunogen not stated in manuscript; ND, not determined; amice were treated with levofloxacin to survive infection; broute of antibody transfer not stated.