WT (n=7–12), TLR5−/− (n=4–8), Naip5−/− (n=3), Casp1−/− (n=4–11), DKO (n=3–4), MyD88−/− (n=3–6), and mock (n=8–10) mice were injected i.p. of FliC (30 μg) or PBS (mock). Serum was collected 2 hours after injections and cytokine levels were determined by ELISA. IL-12/23p40 (A), IL-18 (B), IL-6 (C) and Cxcl1 (D). All groups have a minimum n=3. Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparisons post-test: ** = P<0.01, *** = P<0.001.