Cartoon model of Cag proteins. A: The N-terminal portion of cytotoxic-associated genes, CagA, the effector protein injected into the host cell through type IV secretion system. The three domains (residues 24-221, blue; 303-644, yellow; 645-824, salmon; coordinates from PDB 4DVY) are shown in different colors; B: CagD dimer. The two monomers are linked together by a disulfide bridge between the two C-terminal β-strands. Coordinates from PDB 3CWX.