Table 3.

Effects of Social Contact on Drug Self-Administration

Study	Subjects	Drug Dose	Test	Social Manipulation	Drug Intake Outcome
Hadaway et al. 1979	Wistar Rats (M & F, adult)	MORP 0.15–0.5 mg/ml (oral)	24-hr two bottle choice	Housing condition	Decreased intake in socially housed
Alexander et al. 1981	Wistar Rats (M & F, adult)	MORP 0.15–1.0 mg/ml (oral)	24-hr two bottle choice	Housing condition	Decreased intake in socially housed
Raz & Berger 2010	Wistar Rats (M & F, adol)	MORP 0.5 mg/ml (oral)	24-hr two bottle choice	Housing condition	Decreased intake in socially housed
Newman et al. 2007	Rhesus Monkeys (M & F, adult)	PCP 0.125–1.0 mg/ml (oral)	Concurrent FR16 & PR	Social v isolated self-administration	Increased intake during social sessions
Chen et al. 2011	SD Rats (M & F, adol)	NIC 15–30 μg/ml (iv)	FR10 & PR	Peer use behind Plexiglas partition	Increased acquisition & intake with peer present
Gipson et al. 2011	SD Rats (M, adult)	AMPH 0.01–0.1 mg/ml (iv)	FR5	Peer nonuse behind Plexiglas partition	Increased intake with peer present (high dose)
Smith 2012	LE Rats (M, adult)	COC 0.03–1.0 mg/kg (iv)	FR1 & PR	Self-administration behavior of peer	Increased (peer use) or decreased (peer nonuse)

Note. M = male subject; F = female subject; SD = Sprague-Dawley; LE = Long-Evans; adol = adolescent subject; MOR = morphine; PCP = phencyclidine; NIC = nicotine; AMPH = amphetamine; ETOH = ethanol; COC = cocaine; iv = intravenous; FR = fixed ratio; PR = progressive ratio.