FIG. 4.

In vivo calvarial defect model in mice. (a) Calvarial defects (5 mm) were generated along the yellow dots in nude mice and encapsulated PDLSCs, GMSCs, or hBMMSCs were transplanted in the defect sites. (b) Microcomputed tomography (CT) three-dimensional reconstruction of bone repair in mouse calvarial defects implanted with PDLSCs, GMSCs, or hBMMSCs encapsulated in RGD-modified alginate. Red dots represent the periphery of the defect site. (c) Semiquantitative analysis of bone formation via micro-CT images. (d) Histomicrographs (trichrome staining) of mouse calvarial bone defects after 8 weeks of transplantation. Arrows indicate the boundaries of defects. (e) Histomorphometric analysis of calvarial defects showing the relative amount of bone formation. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, n=4 for each group. Color images available online at www.liebertpub.com/tea