Blood vessels engineered from differentiated hES-MSCs in a pulsatile bioreactor for 8 weeks. (A) Hematoxylin and eosin; (B) Masson's trichrome staining; (C) PCNA staining; (D–G) immunofluorescent staining of engineered tissue. (H) PCR profiles of engineered tissue (MSCs and SMCs cultured in vitro before bioreactor culture, V449- and V450-engineered tissue from separate experiments) for genes (a) αSMA, (b) CNN1, (c) SM22α, (d) PPAR, (e) OCN, and (f) COL2A. PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen.