Table 4.

Face validity (training capacity).

Questions	Group 1 Novice (n = 15)	Group 2 Intermediate (n = 14)	Group 3 Expert (n = 13)	Mean (n = 42)
Training capacity simulator in general (1 = very bad…5 = very good)	4.7 ± 0.5	4.8 ± 0.4	4.5 ± 0.5	4.6 ± 0.5
Training capacity simulator regarding (1 = very bad…5 = very good)
Eye-hand coordination	4.5 ± 0.5	4.5 ± 0.9	4.5 ± 0.7	4.5 ± 0.7
Camera navigation	4.3 ± 1.1	4.5 ± 0.7	4.6 ± 0.9	4.6 ± 0.9
Instrument navigation	4.1 ± 1.1	4.6 ± 0.5	4.5 ± 0.5	4.4 ± 0.8
Use of pedals and clutch	4.5 ± 1.1	4.6 ± 0.6	4.7 ± 0.5	4.6 ± 0.8
The simulator is useful for training (1 = very unuseful…5 = very useful)
Junior residents (postgraduate year 1–3)	4.5 ± 1.1	4.5 ± 1.2	4.9 ± 0.3	4.6 ± 0.9
Senior residents (postgraduate year 4–6)	4.5 ± 0.6	4.4 ± 1.2	4.6 ± 0.8	4.5 ± 0.9
Fellow's and regular consultants (starting robotics)	4.5 ± 0.7	4.9 ± 0.4	4.7 ± 0.6	4.7 ± 0.6
Robotic experts	3.2 ± 1.3	3.4 ± 1.3	3.2 ± 1.5	3.3 ± 1.4
The simulator is useful for (1 = very un useful…5 = very useful)
Warmup for robotic surgery	3.9 ± 1.3	3.6 ± 1.5	2.7 ± 1.5	3.4 ± 1.4
Retention of robotic skills	3.8 ± 1.1	4.0 ± 1.1	2.9 ± 1.6	3.6 ± 1.3

Values expressed in mean on a 1 to 5 Likert scale ± SD.