. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2014 Jan;14(1):407. doi: 10.1007/s11882-013-0407-3

Table 2.

Factors needed to cause autoimmune disease

Factors
Damaged self-antigen + microbial antigen (active or inactivated) presented by antigen presenting cells at day 0 Innate immune response directs adaptive response (i.e. autoreactive T and B cells) Cross-reactivity and/or antigenic complementarity Re-occurring damage Common mechanism: Ex. TLR2/TLR4 and inflammasome activation (activated by self and microbes) Sex difference in immune response Unregulated autoantibody production Decreased regulatory mechanisms

Factors

Damaged self-antigen + microbial antigen (active or inactivated) presented by antigen presenting cells at day 0
Innate immune response directs adaptive response (i.e. autoreactive T and B cells)
Cross-reactivity and/or antigenic complementarity
Re-occurring damage
Common mechanism: Ex. TLR2/TLR4 and inflammasome activation (activated by self and microbes)
Sex difference in immune response
Unregulated autoantibody production
Decreased regulatory mechanisms