Table 1.

Notations used in PSO.

w	inertia weight
$v_{id}^n$	old velocity calculated for each particle
$v_{id}^{n+1}$	new velocity calculated for each particle
c1 and c2	self confidence factor and the swarm confidence factor
r1 and r2	random numbers
$p_{id}^n$	particles own past best position
$x_{id}^n$	old position calculated for each particle
$p_{gd}^n$	the best position a particle attained in the whole swarm