Table 5.

A summary of major bio-mimetic optimization methods in WSNs.

Optimization Methods ▸ Areas Covered (Issues addressed) ▾	PSO	ACO	GA
Stationary Node Deployment (QoS)	Addressed	Addressed	Addressed
Hybrid Deployment (QoS)	Addressed	Not addressed	Addressed
Dynamic Deployment (QoS)	Addressed	Not Addressed	Addressed
Base Station Positioning	Addressed	Not addressed	Not addressed
Node Localization (EE)	Addressed	Addressed	Addressed
Energy Aware Clustering (EE)	Addressed	Addressed	Addressed
Data Aggregation and fusion (Data Security)	Addressed	Addressed	Addressed
Cross Layer Optimization	Addressed	Addressed	Not addressed
Optimal Routing	Addressed	Addressed	Addressed