Figure 2.

Classification of sports according to cardiovascular demands (based on combined static and dynamic components). This classification is based on peak static and dynamic components achieved during competition. However, it should be noted that higher values may be reached during training. The increasing dynamic component is defined in terms of the estimated percent of maximal oxygen uptake achieved, and results in an increasing cardiac output. The increasing static component is related to the estimated percent of MVC reached and results in an increasing blood pressure load. The lowest total cardiovascular demands (cardiac output and blood pressure) are shown in Box IA and the highest are shown in Box IIIC. Boxes IIA, IB, IIIA, IIB, IC, IIIB and IIC depict low-moderate, moderate, and high-moderate total cardiovascular demands. These categories progress diagonally across the table from lower left to upper right.

Notes: *Danger of bodily collision; ^†Increased risk if syncope occurs; ^∇Participation not recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics; ⁺The American Academy of Pediatrics classifies cricket in the IB box (low static, moderate dynamic).

Copyright© 2010. Elsevier. Adapted with permission from McCambridge TM, Benjamin HJ, Brenner JS, et al. Athletic participation by children and adolescents who have systemic hypertension. Pediatrics. 2010;125:1287–1294.137

Abbreviations: HTN, hypertension; MVC, maximal voluntary contraction.