Table 7.

Partial list of exogenous substances that raise blood pressure

Substance	Raise BP	Interfere with therapy	Source of substance
Anabolic steroids	Yes	No	Patient
Caffeine	Yes	No	Patient
Cocaine	Yes	Yes	Patient
Ethanol	Yes	No	Patient
Ephedra	Yes	Yes	Patient
Nicotine	Yes	No	Patient
Sodium chloride	Yes	Yes	Patient
Sympathomimetic agents	Yes	No	Patient or clinician
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents	Yes	Yes	Patient or clinician
Chlorpromazine	Yes	No	Clinician
Corticosteroids	Yes	Yes	Clinician
Cyclosporine	Yes	No	Clinician
Tacrolimus	Yes	No	Clinician
Erythropoietin	Yes	No	Clinician
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors	Yes	No	Clinician
Oral contraceptives	Yes	No	Clinician
Tricyclic antidepressants	Yes	No	Clinician
Strattera®	Yes	No	Clinician
Concerta®	Yes	No	Clinician
Adderall®	Yes	No	Clinician
Wellbutrin®	Yes	No	Clinician
Ritalin®	Yes	Yes	Clinician
Dexedrine®	Yes	Yes	Patient or Clinician
Ecstasy	Yes	Yes	Patient
β-adrenergic agonists	Yes	Yes	Clinician
Theophylline	Yes	No	Clinician
Phencyclidine	Yes	No	Clinician

Abbreviation: BP, blood pressure.