Table 2.
Tumor border configuration as a histopathologic prognostic factor in advanced colon and rectal cancer.
| Reference | Stage | n | Infiltrative tumor border configuration (%) | Clinicopathological features predicted by infiltrative tumor border configuration (p < 0.05) | End point | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jass (21) | I–IV | 447 | Infiltrating (28.0) Expansile (72.0) | N.A. | Disease specific 5- and 10-year survival rates | Patients with infiltrative growth pattern had a 26% 5-year and a 21% 10-year survival rate, whereas patients with expansile border configuration had a 73% 5-year and a 68% 10-year survival rate (p < 0.0001) |
| Jass (22) | I–IV | 379 | Not specified | N.A. | Disease specific survival | Infiltrative growth pattern is a significant predictor of shorter disease-specific survival |
| Halvorsen (12) | I–IV | 527 | Infiltrating (25.5) Expansile (74.5) | Poor differentiation, | Disease specific 5-year survival rates | Infiltrative growth pattern is an independent predictor of shorter disease-specific survival (HR = 1.64; 95% CI 1.21–2.23) |
| Low grade peritumoral inflammatory infiltrate, | ||||||
| Low grade peritumoral eosinophil infiltration, | ||||||
| Infrequent peritumoral abscess formation, Desmoplasia | ||||||
| Shepherd (15) | I–IV | 251 | Infiltrating (16) Expansile (84) | N.A. | Disease specific 5-year survival rates | Infiltrative growth pattern is an independent prognostic variable in patients with extramural spread (p < 0.001) |
| Kubota (13) | I–IV | 100 | Infiltrating (17) Expansile (83) | N.A. | Cancer-specific and overall survival (mean follow-up 48 months) | Infiltrative growth pattern is an independent predictor of shorter cancer-specific survival (p < 0.04; HR = 2.2; 95% CI 1.0–4.6) |
| Cianchi (41) | I–IV | 235 | Infiltrating (67.6) Expansile (32.4) | N.A. | Overall 5-year survival rate | Patients with infiltrative growth pattern had a 50.4% 5-year survival rate, whereas patients with expansile border configuration had a 89% 5-year survival rate (p < 0.0001) |
| Ueno (42) | I–IV | 638 | Infiltrating (17.7) Expansile (73.8) | TuB | Disease specific 5- and 10-year survival rates | 5-year survival rates with low grade TuB and infiltrating tumor margin: 49.3%; high-grade TuB: 28.2% (p = 0.0389). Five-year survival rates with low grade TuB and expansile tumor margin: 87.0%; high-grade TuB: 54.9% (p < 0.001) |
| Cianchi (43) | IIA | 238 | Infiltrating (64.4) Expansile (36.6) | N.A. | Disease specific 8-year survival rate | Patients with infiltrative growth pattern had a 72.8% 8-year survival rate, whereas patients with expansile border configuration had a 86.2% 8-year survival rate (p < 0.01) |
| Zlobec (26) | I–IV | 1420 (269 with information on local recurrence) | Infiltrating (49.6) Expansile (50.4) | N.A. | Local recurrence | Infiltrative growth pattern is an independent predictor of local recurrence (p < 0.001; HR = 3.5; 95% CI 1.8–8.6) |
| Ueno (39) | II–III | 994 | Infiltrating (H- or S-spread; 30.48) Expansile (absence of adverse morphology) (69.52) | Vascular invasion Tumor budding Fibrotic stroma | Disease specific 5-year survival rate | Infiltrative growth pattern (H- or S-spread) is an independent predictor of shorter cancer-specific survival (p < 0.0096; HR = 1.51; 95% CI 1.11–2.0) Stage II CRC: 5-year survival rate, 81.8% (infiltrating) vs. 92.9% (expansile; p = 0.015) Stage III CRC: 5-year survival rate, 57.2% (infiltrating) vs. 78.0% (expansile; p < 0.0001) |
| Zlobec (7) | I–IV | 1420 | Infiltrating (49.6) Expansile (50.4) | N.A. | Disease specific 5-year survival rate | Infiltrative growth pattern is an independent predictor of shorter cancer-specific survival (HR = 4.75; 95% CI 2.53–8.94). Stage II patients with an infiltrative growth pattern have a decreased disease specific 5-year survival rate (62.7%; 95% CI 48.0–76.2), as compared to patients with an expansile border (82.1%; 95% CI 71.8–90.3) |
| Zlobec (40) | I–IV | 427 | Infiltrating (63.9) Expansile (36.1) | Vascular invasion | Disease specific 5-year survival rate | Infiltrative growth pattern is an independent predictor of shorter cancer-specific survival (p = 0.004; HR = 1.46; 95% CI 1.1–1.9) |
| Garcia-Solano (44) | I–IV | 162 [81 serrated adenocarcinomas (SAC) and 81 conventional carcinomas (CC)] | SAC: expanding (58.0); infiltrating (42.0) CC: expanding (70.3); infiltrating (29.7) | TuB (SAC, CC) Cytoplasmic pseudofragments (SAC, CC) Regional lymph node metastasis (SAC, CC) | Disease specific 5-year survival rate | SACs with infiltrative growth pattern had a less favorable 5-year survival than expanding SACs (p = 0.001) No significant effect in CC (p = 0.58) |
| Huh (45) | I–III | 546 | Infiltrating (88.1) Expansile (11. 9) | N.A. | 5-year disease free survival rate | Decreased 5-year disease free survival rate with infiltrative growth pattern (p ≤ 0.05). No significant effect on overall survival |
| Morikawa (25) | I–IV | 1139 | Infiltrating (14) Expansile (33) Intermediate (54) | N.A. | Cancer-specific and overall survival (median follow-up 137 months) | Infiltrative growth pattern is an independent predictor of shorter cancer-specific survival (p < 0.0001; HR = 1.74; 95% CI 1.22–2.47) and overall survival (p < 0.0001; HR = 1.78; 95% CI, 1.33–2.39). Prognostic value of infiltrative growth pattern is limited to stage I–III patients |