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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2013 Nov 12;0:60–68. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2013.10.001

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Imposed and embedded boundary conditions in two-dimensional membrane systems. Top: supported membranes can be confined to defined sizes and shapes by patterning the underlying substrate, while free-standing membranes with defined curvatures offer confinement through the periodicity of their surfaces. Bottom: membranes support internal clusters of lipids and/or proteins, which can have different biochemical and mechanical properties than the membrane as a whole.