Table 4.
Linear Regression Evaluating the Association between VCAM and ICAM with BMD and Bone Turnover after Adjusting for Baseline Variables*
| Covariate | sVCAM-1 Multivariable Analyses |
sICAM-1 Multivariable Analyses |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | SE | P value | β | SE | P value | |
| Hip T-score | ||||||
| sVCAM/ICAM | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.30 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.61 |
| Age | −0.02 | 0.009 | 0.01 | −0.02 | 0.005 | 0.03 |
| Race | 0.66 | 0.19 | <0.001 | 0.64 | 0.20 | 0.002 |
| Sex | −0.27 | 0.22 | 0.24 | −0.23 | 0.23 | 0.31 |
| Family history | −0.49 | 0.26 | 0.06 | −0.50 | 0.26 | 0.06 |
| BMI | 0.07 | 0.01 | <0.001 | 0.06 | 0.01 | <0.001 |
| Current tenofovir | −0.15 | 0.28 | 0.61 | −0.14 | 0.28 | 0.63 |
| 25-OH vitamin D | −0.002 | 0.01 | 0.82 | −0.004 | 0.01 | 0.73 |
| Calcium intake | --- | --- | --- | <−0.001 | <0.001 | 0.54 |
| Spine T-score | ||||||
| sVCAM/ICAM | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.78 | <−0.001 | <0.001 | 0.61 |
| Race | 0.71 | 0.23 | 0.002 | 0.67 | 0.23 | 0.004 |
| Family history | −0.80 | 0.32 | 0.01 | −0.80 | 0.32 | 0.01 |
| Trunk fat | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.03 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.04 |
| HIV RNA <50 | 0.54 | 0.25 | 0.03 | 0.52 | 0.25 | 0.04 |
| Current tenofovir | −0.72 | 0.33 | 0.03 | −0.73 | 0.33 | 0.03 |
| Physical activity | <−0.001 | <0.001 | 0.056 | <−0.001 | <0.001 | 0.045 |
| CTX (bone resorption) | ||||||
| sVCAM/ICAM | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.12 | <−0.001 | <0.001 | 0.04 |
| Sex | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.10 |
| Trunk fat | <−0.001 | <0.001 | 0.045 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| Current tenofovir | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.22 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.19 |
| Calcium intake | <−0.001 | <0.001 | 0.09 | --- | --- | --- |
| Caloric intake | --- | --- | --- | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.18 |
| P1NP (bone formation) | ||||||
| sVCAM/ICAM | 0.01 | 0.007 | 0.04 | −0.003 | 0.02 | 0.87 |
| Age | −0.31 | 0.20 | 0.13 | −0.23 | 0.20 | 0.25 |
| Trunk fat | −0.001 | <0.001 | 0.004 | −0.001 | <0.001 | 0.01 |
| Limb fat | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.02 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.07 |
| HIV RNA <50 | −1.94 | 4.72 | 0.68 | −3.17 | 4.76 | 0.51 |
| Caloric intake | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.29 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.21 |
*
Baseline variables included in univariate analysis: age, race, sex, alcohol, smoking, family history of hip fracture, BMI, trunk fat, limb fat, current CD4 count, HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL, current tenofovir use, 25(OH)D, vitamin D intake, calcium intake, caloric intake, protein intake, physical activity.
BMD, bone mineral density; sVCAM, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1); sICAM, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule; BMI, body mass index; CTX, c-terminal collagen crosslinks; PINP, intact N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen.