Table 1.

Enzymes and reactions used for biosensing.

Analyte	Enzyme	Reaction
Glucose	Glucose oxidase (GOD), EC 1.1.3.4, from a microorganism	$\text{Glucose}+{\text{O}}_2\stackrel{\text{GOD}}{⟶}\text{gluconolactone}+{\text{H}}_2{\text{O}}_2$
Lactate	Lactate oxidase (LOD), EC 1.1.3.2, from pediococcus species	$\text{Lactate}+{\text{O}}_2\stackrel{\text{LOD}}{⟶}\text{pyruvate}+{\text{H}}_2{\text{O}}_2$
GOT	Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), EC 2.6.1.1, from a pig heart	$\text{L}-\text{alanine}+\alpha -\text{ketoglutarate}\stackrel{\text{GOT}}{⟶}\text{pyruvate}+\text{L}‐\text{glutamate}$
GPT	Glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), EC 2.6.1.2, from a pig heart	$\text{L}-\text{aspartate}+\alpha -\text{ketoglutarate}\stackrel{\text{GPT}}{⟶}\text{oxaloacetate}+L‐\text{glutamate}$
Urea	Urease, EC 3.5.1.5, from jack bean	$\text{Urea}+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\stackrel{\text{Urease}}{⟶}{\text{H}}_2{{\text{CO}}_3}^{-}+{\text{OH}}^{-}+2{{\text{NH}}_4}^{+}$
Creatinine	Creatinine deiminase, EC 3.5.4.21, from Bacillus sp.	$\text{Creatinine}+2{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\stackrel{\text{Creatinine deiminase}}{⟶}\text{N}‐\text{methylhydantoin}+{\text{OH}}^{-}+{\text{NH}}_4$