TABLE 1.

Top 30 metabolites derived from urine, plasma, and stool that distinguish undernourished from control mice at 16 d of age, relative to their predictive models¹

	Urine			Plasma			Stool
Rank	Metabolite	FC	P value	Metabolite	FC	P value	Metabolite	FC	P value
1	Hydroxybutyrylcarnitine	3.18	8.29 × 10−5	2-hydroxyisobutyrate	3.16	2.19 × 10−11	Tyrosine	0.62	2.40 × 10−3
2	Phenyllactate	5.39	1.68 × 10−5	Phenyllactate	3.19	0.0005	Val-val-val	0.52	0.0011
3	Imidazole lactate	2.09	1.66 × 10−7	Dimethylglycine	1.70	5.56 × 10−6	Deoxycholate	0.060	0.0003
4	3-dehydrocarnitine	2.26	8.00 × 10−5	α-hydroxybutyrate	1.64	2.76 × 10−5	Sorbitol	0.59	1.02 × 10−5
5	Hexanoylcarnitine	2.41	3.02 × 10−6	γ-glutamylphenylalanine	1.43	0.0007	Leu-leu-leu	0.24	2.70 × 10−6
6	Butyrylcarnitine	2.50	4.21 × 10−5	Corticosterone	0.61	0.0008	γ-glutamylmethionine	0.63	0.0045
7	4-guanidinobutanoate	2.09	1.72 × 10−6	γ-glutamyltyrosine	1.61	7.00 × 10−5	Campestanol	0.45	0.0004
8	Propionylcarnitine	2.62	2.56 × 10−5	γ-glutamylalanine	2.13	0.0005	Deoxycarnitine	0.72	0.0002
9	Acetylcarnitine	2.42	0.0001	α-hydroxyisovalerate	2.39	1.75 × 10−7	2-hydroxy-3-methylvalerate	0.41	0.0006
10	Tryptophan	1.36	1.17 × 10−5	3-methylglutarylcarnitine	2.12	4.41 × 10−5	α-hydroxyisocaproate	0.36	0.0014
11	Indolelactate	1.81	3.33 × 10−5	4-guanidinobutanoate	1.88	2.23 × 10−5	Undecanedioate	2.51	6.05 × 10−5
12	Carnitine	3.79	1.56 × 10−5	α-hydroxyisocaproate	2.01	6.89 × 10−5	Chenodeoxycholate	0.20	3.71 × 10−5
13	Hydroxyisovaleroylcarnitine	1.57	0.0026	Betaine	1.65	4.08 × 10−5	Leucine	0.60	0.0074
14	3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate	1.80	1.79 × 10−7	Proline	1.50	0.0001	γ-glutamylisoleucine	0.46	0.0004
15	Tyrosine	1.55	2.26 × 10−5	γ-glutamylvaline	1.28	0.0032	α-muricholate	0.22	0.0027
16	Glutarylcarnitine	1.48	2.81 × 10−5	Urobilinogen	4.51	0.0004	Methionine	0.61	0.0098
17	Glutamine	2.13	0.0001	Indolelactate	1.45	0.0004	Dihydroferulic acid	0.26	0.0007
18	Urobininogen	11.0	4.22 × 10−7	Tyrosine	1.42	0.0002	3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate	0.34	0.0094
19	Homovanillate sulfate	1.57	1.34 × 10−5	Histidine	1.21	0.0011	Phenylalanine	0.68	0.0123
20	Imidazole propionate	1.76	3.36 × 10−5	Alanine	1.56	0.0007	γ-glutamylleucine	0.58	0.0019
21	1-methylimidazoleacetate	2.02	0.0007	Sarcosine	1.82	0.0053	Phenylpyruvate	0.48	0.0051
22	Isovalerylcarnitine	2.76	0.0002	Glutarylcarnitine	1.57	0.0021	Glucose	0.56	0.0074
23	4-acetamidobutanoate	1.51	3.11 × 10−5	N4-acetylcytidine	1.22	0.0034	Proline	0.76	0.0258
24	Pantothenate	1.91	9.35 × 10−6	Pyroglutamine	1.84	0.0033	Glycylproline	0.61	0.0009
25	γ-glutamyllysine	1.39	0.0002	N-acetylserine	1.39	0.0009	Pyridoxal	0.66	0.0018
26	Nicotinamide	0.41	0.0006	γ-glutamyltryptophan	1.44	0.0031	Iduronic acid	0.39	0.0030
27	1-(3-aminopropyl)-2-pyrrolidone	0.59	0.0018	Methionine	1.28	0.0008	Sarcosine	0.54	0.0146
28	N-acetylneuraminate	1.78	0.0005	Deoxycholate	0.36	0.0023	4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate	0.47	0.0141
29	Cinnamoylglycine	0.23	5.46 × 10−5	Homoserine	2.01	0.0009	3-hydroxypyridine	0.56	0.0003
30	2-hydroxyisobutyrate	1.90	0.0004	Galactose	3.90	0.0003	Glycylglycine	0.63	0.0170

¹False-discovery rates for lists of urine, plasma, and stool metabolites, based on Q-value calculations, are 0.06%, 0.045%, and 4.1%, respectively. FC, fold-change for concentration of metabolites derived from undernourished mice compared with control.