TABLE 3.
Association between fish consumption and endometrial cancer risk in the VITamins And Lifestyle cohort
| Categories of serving size–adjusted servings/wk | P-trend1 | |||||
| Total fish (servings/wk) | 0 | 0.01–1.00 | 1.01–2.10 | 2.11–3.08 | ≥3.09 | |
| No. of cases | 11 | 68 | 74 | 37 | 54 | |
| HR (95% CI)2 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.46 (0.70, 3.06) | 1.36 (0.65, 2.83) | 1.54 (0.70, 3.37) | 2.28 (1.07, 4.87) | 0.010 |
| Baked or broiled fish (servings/wk) | 0 | 0.01–0.70 | 0.71–1.48 | 1.49–2.24 | ≥2.25 | |
| No. of cases | 20 | 72 | 64 | 28 | 60 | |
| HR (95% CI)2 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.99 (0.57, 1.72) | 0.91 (0.52, 1.59) | 0.86 (0.46, 1.62) | 1.72 (0.97, 3.04) | 0.015 |
| Canned tuna/tuna casserole (servings/wk) | 0 | 0.01–0.21 | 0.22–0.35 | 0.36–0.56 | ≥0.57 | |
| No. of cases | 48 | 57 | 18 | 61 | 60 | |
| HR (95% CI)2 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.07 (0.71, 1.63) | 1.11 (0.63, 1.95) | 1.24 (0.83, 1.86) | 1.26 (0.83, 1.91) | 0.195 |
| White fish (servings/wk) | 0 | 0.01–0.21 | 0.22–0.35 | 0.36–0.56 | ≥0.57 | |
| No. of cases | 80 | 57 | 13 | 46 | 48 | |
| HR (95% CI)2 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.91 (0.63, 1.32) | 0.84 (0.45, 1.60) | 1.13 (0.77, 1.67) | 1.33 (0.91, 1.95) | 0.109 |
| Dark or oily fish (servings/wk) | 0 | 0.01–0.21 | 0.22–0.56 | 0.57–0.77 | ≥0.78 | |
| No. of cases | 84 | 60 | 52 | 7 | 41 | |
| HR (95% CI)2 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.19 (0.83, 1.71) | 1.12 (0.77, 1.63) | 1.36 (0.62, 3.00) | 1.44 (0.96, 2.17) | 0.093 |
| Shellfish, not fried (servings/wk) | 0 | 0.01–0.21 | 0.22–0.35 | 0.36–0.56 | ≥0.57 | |
| No. of cases | 118 | 50 | 13 | 35 | 28 | |
| HR (95% CI)2 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (0.70, 1.42) | 1.14 (0.62, 2.08) | 1.36 (0.91, 2.03) | 1.36 (0.86, 2.15) | 0.069 |
| Fried fish or shellfish (servings/wk) | 0 | 0.01–0.21 | 0.22–0.35 | 0.36–0.56 | ≥0.57 | |
| No. of cases | 134 | 56 | 7 | 29 | 18 | |
| HR (95% CI)2 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.30 (0.94, 1.81) | 0.86 (0.40, 1.85) | 1.22 (0.80, 1.87) | 0.89 (0.53, 1.51) | 0.890 |
1
Calculated by treating ordinal exposure variables as continuous in regression models.
2
Derived from Cox proportional hazards regression models. Adjusted for age (time variable), race, education, BMI, pack-years of smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, age at menarche, age at first birth, age at menopause, parity, years of combined hormone therapy, years of estrogen-only therapy, years of oral contraceptive use, oophoerectomy, family history of uterine cancer, family history of ovarian cancer, history of diabetes, and total energy.