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. 2013 Oct 23;4:2041731413509646. doi: 10.1177/2041731413509646

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© The Author(s) 2013

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page(http://www.uk.sagepub.com/aboutus/openaccess.htm).

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Figure 4. — Gene expression analysis of osteoblastic markers and bone-related growth factors of periosteal sheets expanded with 1% HS-STK1, 1% HS-STK1+3, and 10% FBS-M199 by qRT-PCR. (a) Runx2, (b) ALP, (c) col1a1, (d) OPN, (e) BMP-2, (f) RANKL, (g) VEGF-A, and (h) FGFR1.

HS: human serum supplemented; FBS: fetal bovine serum; Runx2: runt-related transcription factor 2; qRT-PCR: quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; OPN: osteopontin; RANKL: receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand; col1a1: collagen, type I, alpha 1; BMP: bone morphogenetic protein; VEGF-A: vascular endothelial growth factor-A; FGFR1: fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.

n = 4, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, compared with controls.