Table 3.
LWDS-11 and YACD means bivariate analysis with societal influence
| Characteristic* | LWDS-11 mean (SD) | p Value | YACD mean (SD) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Successful people smoke | <0.001† | <0.001‡ | ||
| Yes | 9.93 (5.80) | 12.81 (5.91) | ||
| Maybe | 9.61 (5.61) | 12.50 (5.39) | ||
| No | 11.92 (6.90) | 16.43 (5.66) | ||
| Cool people smoke | 0.163 | 0.002§ | ||
| No | 9.93 (6.30) | 12.79 (5.91) | ||
| Maybe | 9.91 (5.99) | 13.88 (5.95) | ||
| Yes | 10.79 (5.91) | 14.76 (5.94) | ||
| Rich people smoke | 0.002† | <0.001‡ | ||
| No | 10.04 (6.21) | 12.71 (5.89) | ||
| Maybe | 9.55 (5.60) | 13.72 (5.89) | ||
| Yes | 11.79 (5.86) | 16.69 (5.35) | ||
| My idols smoke | 0.030§ | <0.001‡ | ||
| No | 10.03 (6.09) | 12.49 (5.78) | ||
| Maybe | 9.90 (5.69) | 12.86 (5.96) | ||
| Yes | 11.43 (6.58) | 16.77 (5.65) | ||
| For my parents, it is important not to smoke | <0.001† | <0.001‡ | ||
| No | 13.25 (6.88) | 16.99 (5.24) | ||
| Maybe | 10.28 (6.17) | 16.18 (5.51) | ||
| Yes | 9.78 (5.78) | 12.57 (5.77) | ||
| For my friends, it is important not to smoke | <0.001¶ | <0.001** | ||
| No | 12.22 (6.50) | 15.49 (5.79) | ||
| Maybe | 10.00(5.65) | 13.26 (5.52) | ||
| Yes | 9.34 (5.81) | 13.05 (6.19) | ||
| For people of my age, it is important not to smoke | 0.009† | 0.088 | ||
| No | 11.33 (6.31) | 14.53 (6.04) | ||
| Maybe | 9.37 (5.69) | 13.45 (5.70) | ||
| Yes | 9.79 (6.03) | 13.39 (6.06) |
*ANOVA was used in all comparisons, with Bonferroni adjustment.
†All two by two differences were significant.
‡Difference was not significant between categories 1 and 2
§Difference between first and third categories was significant.
¶Difference significant between the first two categories.
**Difference was not significant between categories 2 and 3.
ANOVA, analysis of variance; LWDS-11, Lebanese Waterpipe Dependence Scale-11; YACD, Young Adults Cigarette Dependence.